【作者】 玉云祎；

【导师】 张启翔；

【作者基本信息】 北京林业大学 ， 园林植物与观赏园艺， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 菊花(Dendranthema×grandiflorum kitam)是我国十大传统名花之一，具有悠久的栽培历史，其中的地被菊在园林绿化中发挥着重要的作用，本课题组已将与花色代谢有关的查尔酮合成酶基因(chalcone synthase，CHS)转入优良的地被菊品种‘美矮黄’中。在国内外，应用转基因技术进行育种研究已有报道，但利用转基因植株进行杂交育种和对后代进行遗传分析的研究未见有报道，本研究通过对转基因菊花05、08、33以及42四个株系在温室中生长的表型观察，并利用转基因菊花以及对照未转基因植株分别与不同颜色的其他菊花优良品种杂交，对转入外源基因的菊花进行遗传育种问题的探讨。 结果表明，转基因菊花在温室中能够正常生长，不因外源基因的转入而使其生长受到阻碍，能够保持原有的优良性状，开花时不同的株系间存在一定的差异，05株系的个别单株重瓣性发生了变异，但包括花色在内的其他大部分性状没有发生变异。在杂交育种中，通过杂交技术的改进，得到了大量的菊花种子，转基因菊花的F1代种子发芽率高，不因外源基因的转入而影响菊花种子的活力。转基因菊花F1代在温室中生长良好，将杂交育种与温室促成栽培相结合，能够在一年之内完成两代的育种工作。进一步对08ב玫瑰红’的后代进行PCR检测表明，外源基因可以通过有性方式遗传给后代，两个开黄色花的植株有外源基因的存在。 通过对菊花若干性状的遗传分析可知，菊花花色具有偏母性遗传的倾向，株高具有一定的遗传优势，花径和重瓣性具有趋小性退化的趋势。杂交后代的性状出现了广泛的分离，花色、株高、花径、重瓣性等性状都有超亲遗传的现象，有利于菊花育种的选择。通过对菊花后代的评比和选择，已经选出若干综合性状相对较好的单株，对于后代的观察还需继续进行。更多还原

【Abstract】 Chrysanthemum is one of the most famous ornamental plants and has a long history of culture in China.Ground-cover chrysanthemum plays an important role in landscape. We had introduced chalcone synthase(CHS) gene into "Mei Ai Huang’.an excellent cultivar of chrysanthemum.In the world,using the transgenic technology into breeding study had been reported,but studies on cross breeding and heredity analysis of the offspring is few. In this study.through having observed growing conditions of the transgenic line 05 , 08, 33, 42 in the greenhouse,and having made the transgenic chrysanthemum as well as control separately cross with different colors chrysanthemum varieties,the subject of heredity and breeding of the introduced gene chrysanthemum were discussed.The result shows that the transgenic chrysanthemum can grow normally in the greenhouse and is not resisted on introduced the foreign gene,and can keep intrinsic excellent characters.When blossoming,different lines exist definite difference.Flower doubleness of one or two plants of line 05 changed,but most characters including (lower color were not changed.In the course of cross breeding.a multitude of chrysanthemum seeds were obtained by improving crossing technology.Seeds of the transgenic chrysanthemum F1 hybrid had high rate of germinating.not because of the introduced gene affected the vegatative growth of chrysanthemum.The transgenic chrysanthemum Fl grew well in the green house.Combining cross breeding with forcing culture in the greenhouse,the breeding of two generations will be finished in one year.Further PCR testing on the offsprings of line 08 ’Mei Gui Hong’ indicated the foreign gene could entailed to the offsprings by the sexual method.That is to say,two plants having yellow flowers exist the introduced gene.We can infer through analysing the inheritance of some characters of chrysanthemum that the expression of flower color of hybrids somewhat trended to that of female parents,plant height was of definite heredity advantage,the expression of flower diameter and flower doubleness had a declined Irendency.The large variety in Fl hybrid occured.The phenomena that overparent individuals of some characters in (lower color.plant height,flower diameter and flower doubleness emerging are beneficial to the choice of chrysanthemum breeding. Via estimating and choosing the offspring of chrysanthemum,some relatively good individuals had been chosen out.But the observation of the offsprings still need to be proceeded with.更多还原