海泡石净化油烟及其活化废酸综合利用的研究

【作者】 邢泳；

【导师】 李彩亭； 曾光明；

【作者基本信息】 湖南大学 ， 环境工程， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 餐饮业油烟是影响城市空气质量的重要污染源之一，直接伤害了人们的身心健康，影响城市的美观。本论文的目的就是研究开发出一种高效，经济的吸附剂来消除油烟污染，同时也为海泡石矿产资源的开发利用提供一条新的途径。 海泡石是一种含水的富镁硅酸盐粘土矿物，比表面积高，尤其对油类物质有很强的吸附作用。但是天然海泡石品位较低，不能直接利用。本论文中提出了“分散—提纯—活化—成型”利用海泡石原矿制备颗粒吸附剂的工艺流程，并对其关键工艺“提纯”和“活化”进行了试验研究，研究结果表明：海泡石原矿经过分散，提纯两道工序后，纯度可由原来的27.1％提高到74.4％；通过正交试验确定了海泡石酸活化的较佳工艺条件：硫酸浓度4％、活化时间8h、液固比10：1(ml／g)；海泡石经活化后比表面积可增加两倍以上。 确定了影响油烟吸附的主要因素，利用制备的海泡石颗粒吸附剂进行了油烟吸附试验，考察了油烟入口浓度、空塔气速、吸附层高度和吸附剂粒度对油烟吸附效率和阻力的影响，绘出了穿透曲线，并作了再生试验和对比试验。结果表明：油烟净化效率随空塔气速、吸附剂粒度的增加而下降，而随吸附床层高度的增加而上升。当油烟入口浓度在100～150mg／m~3范围内时，保持空塔气速为0.3～0.4m／s、吸附剂颗粒粒径在0.6～1.5mm、1.5～2.8mm、吸附剂床层高度为6cm时，油烟的净化效率分别可以保持在85～90％和75～80％，系统阻力都在350Pa以下。若以油烟去除率为30％时作为穿透点，则海泡石吸附剂(粒径1.5～2.8mm)的穿透时间为50小时，在前20小时内油烟平均去除率可达到70％，每克海泡石吸附剂可以吸附油烟0.415克；海泡石的再生采用加热和降压相结合的方法比较适合，当温度在420℃时，油烟脱附率可以达到90％左右。本论文还利用海泡石酸活化产生的废液研制出了一种新型复合絮凝剂，并用来处理印染废水，取得了良好的效果。 根据试验研究的结果，结合生产实际中的情况，本论文提出了海泡石颗粒吸附剂的工业应用方案，并进行了经济效益分析，结果得出：海泡石颗粒吸附剂成本较低，油烟去除率高，且能再生重复使用，是一种理想的油烟净化剂。更多还原

【Abstract】 Cooking fume is one of important pollutant sources in affecting urban air quality. It does harm to people and appearance of city. The aim of the paper is to produce a kind of effective and economical adsorbent for removing cooking fume and to pave a new way for the development and utilization of sepiolite ore.Sepiolite is a kind of magnesium and silicate clay mineral with abundant water. It has big surface area and strong adsorption on oil. However, the purity of original sepiolite is low, it can’t be used directly. The paper introduced a new process flow "disperse, purification, activition and shaped" which could make sepiolite grain adsorbent from original ore; Furthermore, the key process "purification and activition" were studied during the experiments. The results of research showed that purity of sepiolite could add from 27.1% to 74.4% after it had been dispersed and puritified; We achived the better process conditions of acid activation by orthogonal experiment. Sulfuric concentration was 4%; Activition time was 8h; Ratio of liquid and solid was 10:1(ml/g). The surface area of sepiolite could add more than twice on better process conditions.The key influence factors on adsorption of cooking fume were determined. The experiments on adsorption of cooking fume by sepiolite grain adsorbent were also done. In the experiments, we made researchs on the impacts of entrance concentration of oil fume, gas speed, height of adsorption layer and granularity of adsorbent on adsorption efficency and resistance. The breakthrough curve was achived and experiments on regeneration and contrast were done. Experimental results proved that cleaning efficency of oil fume dropped when gas speed of oil fume and partical size of adsorbent augmented, while cleaning efficency of oil fume increased when height of adsorption bed arised. When inlet concentration of oil fume was 100-150mg/L, gas speed of oil fume was 0.3~0.4m/s, partical sizes of adsorbent was 0.6-1.5mm and 1.5-2.8mm, height of adsorbent bed was 6cm, the removal efficency of oil fume could amount to 85-90% and 75-80%, system resistances were totally below 350Pa, when removal efficency of oil fume reached 30%, time of breakthrough of sepiolite adsorbent(partical size: 1.5-2.8mm) was 50h, average removal efficency was around 70% within first 20h, one gram sepiolite adsorbent could hold 0.415g oil fume.Regeneration of sepiolite could be done by heating and reducing pressure. When temperature reached 420 , the ratio of desorption of oil fume could attain around 90%. In the experiment, we made out a kind of new agent of composite flocculate from waste water which was produced in the cource of activition of sepiolite. It had good effect in treating printing and dyeing waste water.According to the results of experiments and considering actual production, the paper introduced application method on sepiolite grain adsorbent in industry and analysis of economic and benefit was also finished. We conclude that sepiolite grain adsorbent is a kind of good adsorbent in treating cooking fume because its cost is low, its removing efficency on oil fume is high and even it can be utilized repeatly.更多还原