【作者】 时岩玲；

【导师】 田纪春；

【作者基本信息】 山东农业大学 ， 作物遗传育种， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 本文主要研究了不同Waxy蛋白缺失类型小麦品种淀粉性状的配合力和遗传力及F1代、F2代淀粉特性及F2代淀粉性状的分布规律；并分析了小麦品种淀粉特性与面条评分的关系；初步研究了Waxy蛋白的含量与小麦品质特别是淀粉特性的关系。主要研究结果如下：1 淀粉性状的配合力和遗传力分析采用NCⅡ设计不完全双列杂交配制的杂交组合，直链淀粉含量、直/支比例和总淀粉含量存在一般配合力和特殊配合力的显著差异，且母本效应大于父本效应，3个性状以非加性效应为主。支链淀粉含量以加性效应为主。直/支比例几乎不受环境型的影响。膨胀势受加性效应和非加性效应影响，非加性效应大于加性效应，总遗传力较高，但也存在一定的环境影响。峰值粘度、低谷粘度、最终粘度、回冷值和峰值时间以加性效应为主，稀懈值、糊化值以非加性效应为主。峰值粘度、低谷粘度和稀懈值受母本效应作用和父母本核基因的控制。峰值时间、糊化温度、糊化值、糊化时间受胚乳基因型的控制；其中峰值时间和糊化时间对环境型不敏感。2 Waxy 蛋白缺失小麦杂交组合的亲子相关和分布规律直链淀粉含量的父、母本的一般配合力、特殊配合力和中亲值对F1代平均值组合评价有一定作用。一般配合力、特殊配合力及F1 代平均值对F2代分离群体直链淀粉含量的整体水平有一定的预见性。F1代支链淀粉含量与父母本一般配合力和特殊配合力显著或极显著相关。后代总淀粉含量以母本效应为主。膨胀势中亲值、母本及配合力对F1代组合评价具有一定参考价值。F2代四个组合淀粉特性分布规律结果表明各个组合淀粉特性的分布均为连续分布，但分布规律因组合和性状的不同而异。组合1、组合2 和组合4的单株直链淀粉含量和支链淀粉含量符合正向的偏态分布；组合3的直链淀粉含量符合正态分布而支链淀粉含量为负向偏态分布。总淀粉含量和膨胀势的分布不同组合之间差异较大。对淀粉粘度特性的频率<WP=8>分布较为复杂，大多为偏态分布。3 Waxy蛋白缺失小麦品种正反交组合F1代淀粉特性分析F1代种子的直链淀粉含量介于糯麦和普通小麦亲本之间，非糯×糯类型的F1代比糯×非糯类型的直链淀粉含量高。降落数值与直链淀粉含量呈正相关。膨胀势与直链淀粉含量呈负相关。糯麦与其它材料的粘度特性显著不同，F1代种子的峰值粘度低于普通小麦亲本。糯麦淀粉的低峰值粘度值和特殊的糊化曲线与糯性淀粉的凝胶特性有关系；这种弱的凝胶特性主要是直链淀粉含量太低引起的。引起直链淀粉合成减少的关键因素是Waxy蛋白发生突变或缺失。4 50个小麦品种淀粉特性与面条品质的关系的研究 直/支比例与煮熟面条总评分呈极显著正相关，说明直/支比例是评价煮熟面条的一项重要品质指标。面条评分与支链淀粉含量呈负相关；面条色泽、表观状态、适口性与直链淀粉含量、直/支比例呈极显著正相关而与支链淀粉含量呈负相关。膨胀势与面条评分指标色泽、光滑性、弹性、食味呈正相关，与表观状态、适口性、粘性呈负相关。糊化温度与面条评价各项指标的相关值均很高。回冷值和糊化温度对面条评价有一定参考价值。5 Waxy蛋白与品质的关系Waxy蛋白是直链淀粉合成过程中起关键作用的酶。研究发现Waxy蛋白含量与直链淀粉含量、直/支比例呈极显著正相关，与支链淀粉含量、膨胀势呈负相关。Waxy蛋白含量与淀粉糊化特性的关系表明，Waxy蛋白含量与峰值粘度、稀懈值、峰值时间呈负相关，而与最终粘度、回冷值呈正相关。Waxy蛋白含量与面粉其它品质性状关系研究表明：Waxy蛋白含量与与降落值呈极显著正相关，与谷物特性指标如单粒直径、单粒重量、单粒硬度等呈正相关。更多还原

【Abstract】 In this paper, the combining ability and heritability of starch properties and the parent-offspring correlation in different waxy wheat gene type as well as the relationship between waxy protein contents and wheat quality were studied. The correlation among noodle scores and starch properties in common wheat were analyzed too. The main results were as follows:The combining ability and hereditability of starch properties starch properties were derived from a NCⅡincomplete diallel cross involving six different waxy protein deficiencies (nine crosses). The results indicated that the variation of GCA and SCA for amylose contents, amylose /amylopectin ratio, starch contents were both highly significant, and the variation of female parents was larger than that of male parents. Amylose contents, amylose /amylopectin ratio, starch contents were controlled mainly by non-additive genes. Amylopectin contents was controlled by additive genes. Amylose/ amylopecitn ratio was effected hardly by environmental genes. Swelling power was controlled by both additive and non -additive genes, but the effects of non-additive genes were more important than that of additive genes. The total heritability was higher than that of other traits. The effect of environmental genes on swelling power can’t be ignored. Peak viscosity, trough viscosity, final viscosity setback and peak time were controlled by additive genes, while<WP=10>breakdown, pasting were controlled by non-additive genes. Peak viscosity, pasting and pasting time were controlled by female cytoplasmid genes and male, female mucleus genes. Peak time,pasting temperature, pasting and pasting time were controlled by endospermic genes. Peak time and pasting time were not sensitive to environment.Evaluation of the parent-offspring correlation of starch traits in 4 F1 crosses and regularity of distribution of starch traits in the progenies of F2single plant were derived .The GCA, SCA of parents and the Mid-parent of amylose contents were useful for evaluation of the performance of F1 crosses. The GCA,SCA and the means of amylose contents of F1 crosses that could be used to predict the overall level of amylose contents in F2 separating population. For amylopectin, the GCA and SCA of parents were highly correlated with the mean of F1 crosses .The starch contents of the offspring was controlled by female cytoplasmic genes. As for swelling power, MP, female and GCA were used to appreciate the F1 crosses. The starch properties of F2 single plant in 4 different crosses showed continuous distribution, but the regularity of distribution were different. The frequency distribution for amylose and amylopectin contents of cross 1,2 and 4 were found positive deviation distribution. The frequency distribution for amylose contents of cross 3 was found positive deviation distribution too, while that for amylopectin was found negative deviation distribution. The frequency distribution for starch contents and swelling power had much differences and that for starch viscosity were much complex and were mainly deviation distribution.The amylose content of F1 seeds was different from the waxy wheat and non-waxy wheat. The amyose content of nonwaxy×waxy type was higher than that of waxy×nonwaxy type. The significant correlation was found between the amylose content and falling number, swelling power was found negatively related to amylose content. It was showed that the peak viscosity of F1 seeds was much lower than that of non-waxy wheat. The starch properties of reciprocal hybrids and the parents of different waxy deficiencies were discussed. The waxy<WP=11>wheat had a special viscosity curves and lower peak viscosity, this phenomenon was related to the gelatinization of the waxy starch. The low gelatinization of the waxy starch were caused by the low amylose content .The variation in amylose content was related to deficiency or mutation of waxy proteins.The correlation among noodle score and starch properties of 50 common wheat varieties were analyzed. Amylose/amylopectin ratio was h更多还原