【作者】 袁志良；

【导师】 叶永忠；

【作者基本信息】 河南农业大学 ， 植物学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 通过对河南省苔藓植物的广泛调查、采集、标本鉴定和文献资料考证，运用植物区系谱统计分析、主成分分析和聚类分析等分析方法对河南苔藓植物的区系成分及与相关地区的关系进行了分析，同时对河南苔藓植物群落及其生态分布规律进行了初步的探讨，其研究结果如下： (1)调查发现河南新记录科29个，新记录属117个，新记录种462个。 (2)河南苔藓植物共计61科198属606种，分别占全国苔藓植物总科数的56.48％，总属数的40.08％，总种数的22.37％。其中，含1种的单种科12个，含2-5种的寡种科23个，含6种以上的多种科26个。丛藓科(Pottiaceae)和青藓科(Brechytheciaceae)是河南苔藓植物的优势科，真藓属(Bryum)、青藓属(Brachythecium)和绢藓属(Entodon)是组成本区苔藓植物群落的优势属。 (3)河南苔藓植物种的区系成分组成中：北温带成分种占35.25％，东亚成分种占25.72％，热带亚洲成分种占11.15％，中国特有成分种占10.25％，温带亚洲成分种占8.27％，旧世界温带成分种占4.14％，东亚-北美成分种占3.24％，泛热带成分种占1.08％，旧世界热带成分种占0.72％。 (4)在区系关系上河南与山东各山地关系较近，其次是河北、内蒙古和东北各山地，而与处于亚热带地区的古田山、金佛山和九万山的差别最大。分析表明河南苔藓植物区系具有南北过渡和东西交汇的特点，同时受我国西南和西北植物区系的影响。 (5)河南苔藓植物区系区划属于泛北极植物区、中国-日本森林植物亚区的华北植物区系，与日本、北美和欧洲有一定联系。 (6)根据苔藓植物的生长基质和生态环境，河南苔藓植物群落分为四个类型，即水生群落、石生群落、土生群落和树生群落。低海拔山地苔 薄植物的群落分布以石生群落和土生群落为主，海拔 1400m以上的林地 树生群落则较为发达，充分反映了河南苔盔植物群落生长环境的多样性。 叮）河南苔裹植物群落受植被和森林群落的影响，并与森林群落表现 出相似的变化规律。按低山灌丛草甸农作物带、含常绿树种的针阔叶混 交林带、中山落叶阔叶林带、针阔叶混交林带和山顶灌丛矮曲林带的顺 序，苔蘑植物群落的丰富度先升高后降低，其中中山落叶阔叶林带是苔 蘸植物群落最丰富的地带。通过对森林群落与苔蘸植物群落间关系的定 性和定量分析研究表明，影响河南苔蘸植物群落分布的因素包括林地土 壤湿度、含水量、林下倒木的丰富程度、森林群落的郁闭度以及由此导 致的光照和空气湿度的不同。更多还原

【Abstract】 Based on the extensive investigation collection, identification of the byophytes specimens and the study of document, this paper studied the floristic geographical elements s the connection with other areas, the community and the ecological distribution of bryophytes in Henan through the Statistic Analysis of Floristic Spectrum, Principal Compoments Analysis and Agglomerative Classfication Analysis,the results are as follows:(1) Finding 29 new families, 117 new genera and 462 new species of bryophytes in Henan.(2) There are 606 species of bryophytes belonging to 198 genera and 61 families in Henan,accounting for 56.48%, 40.08% and 22.37% of the total species, genera and families in China respectively.There are 12 families having only one specie,23 families having 2-5 species and 26 families having species more than 6.Pottiaceae and Brechytheciaceae are the dominant families and Bryum^ Brachythecium and Entodon are the dominant genera in the bryophytes community.(3) Among the floristic geographical elements of bryophyte species in Henan: North Temperate accounting for 35.25%, E.Asia accounting for 25.72%, Trop.Asia accounting for 11.15%, Endemic to China accounting for 10.25%, Temp.Asia accounting for 8.27%, Old World Temperate accounting for 4.14%, E.Asia & N.Amer. Disjuncted accounting for 3.24%, Pantropic accounting for L08%, Old World Tropics accounting for 0.72%.(4) The bryoflora of Henan and Shandong areas is very close,Hebei, Inner Mongolia and the Northeastern China take second place,while Mt.Gutian, MtJinfo and Mt.Jiuwan are far from other 12 areas.The results shows that the bryoflora of Henan has the transitionalcharacteristic of from south to north and from west to east,and has relationship with Southwestern and Northwestern floristic geography.(5) The bryoflora of Henan falls into general north flora,Sino-Japan subforest region,north China flora in China flora,and has some connection with Japan, North America and Europe.(6) According to the growth substrate and ecological environment of the bryophyte in Henan,the bryophyte community can be divided into 4 types: Hydrophytia, Petrophytia, Geophytia and Epixylophytia.Among them, Petrophytia and Geophytia distribute widely in the low elevation area,and Epixylophytia distribute widely in the area with elevation more than 1400m,this shows the diversity of the growth environment of Henan bryophyte.(7) The bryophyte community is influented by the vegetation and forest community ,has the similarity in the law with the forest community of Henan.From Shrub,meadow and crops zone in the lower mountain area. Mixed coniferous-broadleqaf forest including evergreen element zone , Mid-mountain deciduous broadleaf forest zone, Mixed coniferous-broadleaf forest zone to Shrubs and elfin wood zone,the abundance of bryophyte community ascends firstly and then drops.And the bryophyte community in the Mid-mountain deciduous broadleaf forest zone is most rich in Henan.According to the quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis to the relationship between forest community and bryophyte community,we find that the factors affecting the community distribution of bryophyte in Henan are soil moisture of forest, water content, abundance of fallen trees in forest, canopy density of forest community and the difference of light intensity and air humidity.更多还原