【作者】 高美玲；

【导师】 栾非时；

【作者基本信息】 东北农业大学 ， 蔬菜栽培学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 番茄(Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.)是全世界年产量最高的农作物之一，是世界范围内分布最广、消费最多的蔬菜。随着番茄设施栽培面积的不断扩大，为求番茄高产所投入的磷肥量不断增加，但磷肥的利用率却很低，施入土壤中的磷只有10-25％被当季作物吸收利用，其余大部分则被土壤固定，造成大量磷素养分的浪费。因此，研究保护地番茄磷肥的合理施用，提高磷肥利用率已成为迫切需要。 本试验以过磷酸钙为磷肥肥源，以番茄为研究对象，在施磷量相同条件下，设计了磷肥做基肥与追肥不同比例试验，进而在磷肥做基肥与追肥比例适宜条件下，设计不同时期追施磷肥试验，盆栽与室内分析结合，系统地研究了磷肥做基肥与追肥不同比例对番茄生理特性、生长、产量、品质的影响以及磷肥做基肥与追肥比例适宜条件下，不同时期追施磷肥对番茄生理特性、生长、产量、品质的影响。试验得出如下结论： 磷肥做基肥与追肥配合施用且比例为6：4时，能显著提高番茄产量，改善品质。其增产原因表现在生理指标及外观变化上。生理指标变化表现为：根系活力增强，根系吸收养分能力加强，根系中氮、磷、钾营养元素含量增加，促进碳水化合物代谢，进而使叶片中磷酸酯酶活性降低，磷化合物合成占优势；同时促进了氮素代谢，间接提高了叶片中可溶性蛋白质含量和叶绿素含量。外观上则表现为：株高增高、茎粗加粗、最大叶长和最大叶宽增大。品质分析表明：果实中可溶性糖含量、维生素C、可溶性固形物含量等都有一定程度的增加。因此，在番茄生产中应改变磷肥只作基肥施用的传统施肥方法。 磷肥做基肥与追肥的比例适宜条件下，将追肥总量平均分为两份，分别在第一花序现蕾和第一穗果的第一个果开始膨大时施入，能显著提高番茄产量，改善品质。在生理指标变化上其增产原因表现为：增强了番茄根系活力，使根系吸收养分能力加强，番茄根系中氮、磷、钾营养元素含量增加，促进了碳水化合物代谢，进而使叶片中磷酸酯酶活性降低，提高了叶片中可溶性蛋白质和叶绿素含量。外观上则表现为：增大了株高、茎粗、最大叶长和最大叶宽。品质分析表明：果实中可溶性糖含量、维生素C、可溶性固形物含量等都有一定程度的增加。所以，这种磷肥施用方法可以应用于保护地番茄生产中。更多还原

【Abstract】 Tomato(Lycopersicum esculentum Mill. )is one of the most yield of crops for annual production. It is distributed widely and consumed most in the whole world. With the constant expanding of tomato covering cultivation areas,quantity of phosphate fertilizer increased gradually for tomato high yield, but utilization ratio of phosphate fertilizer decreased, only 10%-25% phosphorus of applied is absorbed and utilized by crops in the season,other majority are fixed by soil,a large amount of phosphorus is wasted. Consequently,it is necessary that how to apply phosphate fertilizer rationally and raise the utilization ratio of phosphate fertilizer.The calcium superphosphate was regarded as the source of phosphate fertilizer in the tests,and tomato was the research object. In the condition of the same amount of phosphate fertilizer applied to tomato growth,one experiment was designed by different proportions of phosphate fertilizer as basal manure and top dressing. Then in the condition of optimal proportion of phosphate fertilizer as basal manure and top dressing.another experiment was designed to apply phosphate fertilizer in different stages. Both laboratory and greenhouse pop-experiment were carried out to reseach systematically the effects of different proportions of phosphate fertilizer as basal manure and top dressing and phosphate fertilizer applied in different stages on tomato physiological characteristics,growth,yield and quality. The tests drew many conclusions:When proportion of phosphate fertilizer as basal manure and top dressing was 6: 4, the yield of tomato increased remarkably and the quality improved. The reason of yield increased displayed on physiological indexes and appearance changes. The changes of the physiological indexes showed that the root activity and the ability of absorbing nutrient strengthened, the content of nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium in root increased,the metabolism of the carbohydrate was promoted,so the phosphoesterase activity was reduced in leaves,the synthesis of the phosphorus was promoted. At the same time.metabolism of the nitrogen was promoted,the content of soluble protein and chlorophyll were improved in leaves indirectly. Appearances showed that the plant height,stem diameter,Length and width of maximum Leaf increased. The results of the quality analysis indicated that the content of soluble sugar,vitamin C and soluble solids increased to some extent. So we should change the traditional applying fertilizer method that phosphate fertilizer was only used as basal manure in tomato production.In the condition of the suitable proportion of using phosphate fertilizer as basal manureand top dressing,top dressing total amount was divided into two parts equally,then applied in the time of the flower bud appearing of first inflorescence and the first fruit beginning expansion in the first ear,the yield of tomato increased remarkably and quality improved. Physiological indexes and appearance changes the reason of yield increased displayed that root activity and the ability of absorbing nutrient were strengthened,the content of nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium increased in root,the metabolism of the carbohydrate was promoted.and the phosphoesterase activity was reduced in leaves. At the same time,metabolism of the nitrogen was promoted,the content of soluble protein and chlorophyll were improved in leaves indirectly. Appearances showed that the plant height,stem diameter.Length and width of maximum Leaf increased. The result of the quality analysis indicated that the content of soluble sugar,vitamin C and soluble solids were increased to some extent. So we can apply the method of using phosphate fertilizer in protect area of tomato cultivation.Postgraduate: GaoMeiling Major: Olericulture Superviser: Prof. Luan Feishi更多还原