【作者】 宋兴舜；

【导师】 于广建；

【作者基本信息】 东北农业大学 ， 蔬菜学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 蔬菜是人民生活中每天必不可少的重要副食品，近年来，各地市场蔬菜种类和品种得到极大丰富。但是，目前蔬菜病害发生严重，而长期和大量地使用化学农药也给我们带来了不少问题，如农药本身可能对人类或其它生物有毒性。进入80年代后，世界众多科学家们便把寻找高效、低毒、低残留和环境和谐的无公害农药作为农药研究和开发的发展方向。本试验选用大蒜素、石香薷挥发油两种无公害药剂，通过室内抑菌与苗期药效测定试验(包括预防效果和治疗效果)、田间药效试验相结合，测定这两种药剂对番茄病害的防治效果，探讨两种药剂对病菌的作用机理及对番茄形态、生化指标、果实品质等方面的影响。试验得出如下结论： 1．大蒜素、石香薷挥发油两种药剂对番茄枯萎、早疫、叶霉、灰霉病均具有一定的抑制作用。室内的抑菌试验，大蒜素、石香薷挥发油1000倍液(1000μg／ml)即能对番茄枯萎病菌起到明显的抑制作用；大蒜素、石香薷挥发油7000倍液(143μg／ml)即能对番茄早疫、叶霉、灰霉病菌起到明显的抑制作用。在苗期，大蒜素、石香薷挥发油500倍液(2000μg／ml)对番茄枯萎病、3000倍液(333μg／ml)时对早疫、叶霉、灰霉病菌等起到很好的防治效果。 2．在田间，大蒜素、石香薷挥发油对番茄叶霉病和番茄早疫病的防效与百菌清的防效相当。 3．大蒜素、石香薷挥发油对番茄枯萎、早疫、叶霉及灰霉病菌的破坏主要是通过使病菌孢子变形、孢壁破裂、内含物外渗、分生孢子梗断裂变粘稠等，使孢子失活最终死亡。但并未引起番茄体内SOD、POD、CAT等抗性酶活性的增加。 4．与对照相比，大蒜素、石香薷挥发油对番茄细胞器结构，包括叶绿体、线粒体、细胞膜等的结构；对番茄形态，包括株高、株幅、茎粗等的生长；对果实品质，包括可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、有机酸、Vc等的含量等几乎都没有影响。从而说明大蒜素、石香薷挥发油对番茄本身的正常生长发育是没有影响的。更多还原

【Abstract】 Vegetables are the important and indispensable non-staple food in people’s everyday life. In recent years, all kinds of vegetables have been enriching various markets. However. there are many questions brought to us because a large of chemicals have been used for a long term in order to resist the vegetables disease occurring seriously at the moment. Such as the chemical itself is toxicant to the mankind and other living things. Entering the 1980’s, many scientists in the world had considered looking for higher efficiency, lower poison and residue, and environment acceptable pesticides as an aim of research and development. This experiment was chosen two kinds of non-pollution medicaments: garlic and volatile oil of Mosla chinensis, and confirmed the prevention effects on the tomato diseases through combining analysis of indoor and efficacy of field with discussion the effects and mechanism of these two medicaments on the germs and the influences to tomato forms, biochemical index, quality of fruits and etc. The main results were as follows:First, Inhibition effect of the garlic and volatile oil of Mosla chinensis on Fusarium oxysporum, Alternaria solani, Fulviafulva, and Botrytis cinerea was obvious. 1000 times liquid of the garlic and volatile oil of Mosla chinensis could inhibit Fusarium oxysporum efficiently. 7000 times liquid of the garlic and volatile oil of Mosla chinensis could inhibit Alternaria solani, Fulviafulva, and Botrytis cinerea obviously. In seedling stage, there were very good prevention effect of 500 times liquid of garlic and volatile oil of Mosla chinensis on Fusarium oxysporum, of 3000 times liquid of the garlic and volatile oil of Mosla chinensis on Alternaria solani, Fulviafulva, and Botrytis cinerea.Second, in the field, the prevention effect of the garlic and volatile oil of Mosla chinensis on Tomato early blight and Tomato leaf mold matched the one of Chlorothalonile.Third, the destruction of the garlic and volatile oil of Mosla chinensis to Fusarium oxysporum, Alternaria solani, Fulviafulva, and Botrytis cinerea was mainly by the way of deforming germ spores, bursting cell wails, being oozed materials from spores inside, being splitted and thickened conidia ,etc. Then the spores would lose activity and died. But the two medicaments did not induce the increase of activity of some protection enzymes such as SOD, POD, CAT.Finally, compared with the contrast, the garlic and volatile oil of Mosla chinensisscarcely influence the tomato structures including chloroplast, mitochondria, cell membrane, and tomato forms including height, width, stem diameter, and tomato quality including careless shape thing of solubility, soluble candy, organic acid, Vitamin C. Therefore, it showed that the garlic and volatile oil of Mosla chinensis did not affect the normal growth of tomato.更多还原