基于1-Wire技术的地面气象参数采集系统的研究与实现

【作者】 赵珊珊；

【导师】 张颖超；

【作者基本信息】 南京气象学院 ， 系统分析与集成， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 本文介绍了采用美国Dallas Semiconductor公司和Texas气象仪器公司共同推出的基于单总线(1-Wire)技术的微型自动气象站组建基于1-Wire地面气象参数采集系统，该系统运用单总线技术通过一根线传输数据与电源。 本系统的气象参数采集部分主要由单总线传感器DS1820、DS2423、DS2450、DS9097U适配器与计算机来完成，可根据不同的需要在单总线上添加其它的传感器和相应的软件测量其它气象参数。 本文论述了单总线技术工作电路原理，通信原理及传输协议，并介绍单总线器件在单总线上的工作原理。着重讨论了可编程的三种单总线传感器：温度数字传感器DS1820、A/D转换器DS2450、计数器DS2423。阐述了这三种单总线传感器的工作原理、内部结构及功能，并指出这三种传感器在单总线自动气象站中的硬件电路设计。讨论了CRC校验原理及在单总线中的应用和实现方式，以DS1820为例分别用硬件和软件编程实现了单总线上的CRC校验。 应用Dallas公司的TMEX动态链接库，并用VC++编程技术对单总线及单总线器件进行访问和控制，所开发的软件能检测出当前的计算机与单总线连接的端口信息，并检测出单总线上的传感器类型和64位ROM，对DS1820编程检测出输入数据，并根据公式计算出当前周围的温度、测量出DS2450的四个输出数据并得16个方位的风向、利用DS2423测量当前的风速及雨量。可根据不同测量的定时需要，实现这些气象数据参数的实时采集，动态保存到不同的数据库。对气象资料进行自动存储。 建立自动气象站的局域网，用JAVA编程技术把采集的气象参数实时向服务器传送，其它客户机可对最新的气象资料进行访问，并可以在Internet上发布。更多还原

【Abstract】 This paper introduces a system of ground meteorological parameters collected from the automatic weather station based on 1-Wire bus technology. The weather station is developed jointly by Dallas Semiconductor and Texas Weather Instruments, Inc.. of USA. 1-Wire bus technology transmits both power and bidirectional data over a single twisted-wire cable.An automatic measuring system of weather parameter is proposed. The function of collecting meteorological parameters is completed by 1-Wire sensors (DS1820,DS2423,DS2450), adapter(DS9097U) and computer. The package can be augmented with humidity, barometric pressure, and other weather sensors simply by connecting the sensor to the cable at the desired position and adding the appropriate software.This paper explains 1-Wire net, such as the hardware circuit and communication protocol, analyzes features of sensor chips (the 1-Wire devices) and 1-Wire?line-powered MicroLAN?networking technique. Three programmable sensor of 1-Wire devices,DS1820^ DS2450 and DS2423 are introduced, including the working principle and application in 1-Wire weather station, and circuit which connect the sensors and 1-Wire bus. In this paper, we discuss about the theory of cyclic redundancy checks and its application. We take DSI 820 for example to realize the hardware and software methods in Dallas’s 1-Wire chips.We can access and control the 1-Wire devices, also read out the data of these sensors, using Visual C++ and TMEX DLL. The software we developed can access and control the 1-Wire devices. According to the current demand, the information of serial port of computer which is connected with 1 -Wire bus can be obtained, and the type of sensors and 64 bit ROM also are available. The data outputted from these sensors is converted to temperature, wind speed, wind direction and rainfall. Then the real time weather parameters are collected and saved to database automatically. The principle of the system, its hardware structure and software designing are also introduced in the paper.We established a Local Area Network. The meteorological data collected by PC are transmitted to Server on time, The database of Server updates timely, and other Clients access the new meteorological material which can be released on Internet.更多还原