软件能力成熟度模型在实时系统开发中的应用

【作者】 罗秉安；

【导师】 张立臣；

【作者基本信息】 广东工业大学 ， 计算机应用技术， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 CMM (the Capability Maturity Model)，软件能力成熟度模型，是美国卡耐基梅隆大学(CMU)的软件工程学院(SEI)的一项著名研究成果，该模型可用来评估软件开发机构的软件成熟度级别，也可用于开发机构自评，是一个被广泛认同的用于规范软件生产过程的国际标准。 CMM作为过程管理和过程改进的一个重要标准，其最主要的一个作用就是管理软件的质量、保证软件的质量。而在实时系统开发中，非常重视软件的质量管理和质量保证。实时系统对于使用者来说可能是非常关键的，尤其是硬实时系统，一个很小的疏漏都可能导致非常恶劣的后果。而且，在实时系统开发过程中，每一阶段都是非常关键的，尤其分析与设计阶段更是非常重要。 因此可以相信，如果将CMM应用在实时系统开发中，一定能够取得比较理想的效果。本文的主要目的之一，是研究CMM模型如何应用于特定技术环境的软件组织——实时系统的开发过程，即机构如何以CMM为指导，对实时系统的开发过程进行优化。 为此，本文在介绍了实时系统和CMM有关概念和知识之后，尝试阐述如何在实时系统开发过程中应用CMM进行软件过程管理和软件过程改进，主要的工作包括：(1)首先根据软件过程管理的思想，尝试改进实时系统的软件生命周期，将具体项目启动之前和结束之后的必要工作也归纳到其中，并且根据实时系统的特征将系统开发划分为三个阶段；(2)在上述基础上，尝试将CMM与实时系统的软件生命周期紧密结合，有针对性地构造实时系统开发的软件生命周期和CMM关键过程域这两者之间的融合框架。在这个框架中，描述了在实时系统软件开发生命周期的不同阶段应该重点借鉴的CMM的关键过程域。这样，在开发过程的各个阶段，都应用CMM进行管理和改进，保证系统的质量，从而更好地进行实时系统的开发。(3)然后对CMM现行标准在实践应用中存在的问题进行分析，尝试扩展CMM使之更适合实际。(4)最后，本文研究了一个实时系统开发的实例——汽车自动导航系统。在这个系统的开发过程中，实践了本文的CMM应用思想，对软件生命周期各个阶段进行管理和改进，并取到了较好的效果。更多还原

【Abstract】 The Capability Maturity Model, CMM, is an outstanding research fruit of CMU (Carnegie Mellon University) SEI (Software Engineering Institute). With this model, the capability level of software organization can be evaluated, and the software developers are able to be self-evaluated. Nowadays, CMM is regard as an international standard of software development process.As an important standard of software process management and improvement, a most important function of CMM is to manage and guarantee the quality of software. Meanwhile, the development of real-time system lays a strong emphasis on the management and guarantee of quality. The real-time system, especially hard real-time system, is crucial to users. A little careless omission may result in severity ending. Moreover, in the process of real-time system development, each phase is important, especially in its phase of analysis and design.Therefore, it’s believed to be good that if CMM can apply to the real-time system development. The main purpose of this article, is study how to apply CMM model to special environment, the real-time system development process, namely, how a software organization can optimize their real-time system development process using CMM.This article introduces real-time system and CMM firstly, and then studies how to apply CMM to real-time system development, to manage and improve software process. (1) First of all, this article improves the software life cycle of real-time system, base on the thinking of software process management. (2) Then, this article tries to integrate with CMM and the software life cycle of real-time system. That is, this article will set up a frame that combines KPA(Key Process Area) in CMM with software life cycle of real-time system. In this frame, every phase in software life cycle of real-time system will link to some K.PA, so that the software organizations can manage and improve real-time system development with CMM in effect. (3) This article also attempts to improve CMM to make it suitable for actual development process. (4) In last chapter, this article studies a case of real-time system, the automobile’s navigation system. During this system’s development, the way of applying CMM to development is practiced, managed and improved every develop phases in software life cycle, and got an excellent effect at last.更多还原