高速电主轴热态特性的有限元分析

【作者】 黄晓明；

【导师】 张伯霖；

【作者基本信息】 广东工业大学 ， 机械制造及其自动化， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 高速加工能大大地提高生产率和降低生产成本，是一项非常有前景的先进制造技术。高速机床是实现高速加工的首要条件。高速电主轴技术在高速机床在研究和发展中有重要的意义。与传统的传动方式相比，高速电主轴使用内装式电机，取消了诸如齿轮、皮带等中间传动环节，实现了机床的“零传动”。迄今为止，人们对高速电主轴的热态特性仍缺乏足够的认识，因而极大地限制了高速电主轴的有效应用。高速电主轴在高速下会因热的原因而在瞬间出现故障，甚至连警报信号都来不及发出。由于内装式电机的损耗发热和轴承的摩擦发热，使得高速电主轴的发热量很大，由此产生的热变形大大地降低了高速机床的加工精度。因此必须对高速电主轴的热态特性进行分析，以减少电主轴的温升和热变形。本文首先计算了高速电主轴中内装式电机的损耗发热和轴承的摩擦发热，并对油—水热交换冷却系统和油—气润滑系统的散热特性进行分析，在此基础上建立了高速电主轴热态特性的有限元模型，用ANSYS软件进行有限元分析，最后提出了改进高速电主轴热态特性的主要措施。更多还原

【Abstract】 High-speed machining is a promising advanced manufacturing technology for increasing productivity and reducing production costs dramatically. High-speed machine tool is the precondition for realizing high-speed machining. High-speed motorized spindle technology is of great significance to the research and development of high-speed machine tool. Compared with conventional spindle, motorized spindle is equipped with a built-in motor, so that power transmission devices such as gears and belts are eliminated and "zero transmission" is realized. However, lack of a complete understanding of thermal properties severely limits the effective application of high-speed spindle. High-speed spindle is notorious for its sudden catastrophic failures even without alarming signs at high speed due to thermal problems. The heat generated due to loss in the built-in motor and friction in the bearings is significant during high speed machining and the thermal deformations of the spindle decrease the accuracy of high-speed machine tool greatly. The thermal analysis of the high-speed spindle is necessary in order to reduce temperature-rise and thermal deformations. In this paper, the heat generation developed in the built-in motor and the bearings is calculated. The analysis of the oil-water heat change system and the oil-air lubrication system is also done. The motorized spindle is modeled and its thermal characteristics analysis by finite element method is also done using ANSYS software. And the main measures to improve thermal characteristics of the high-speed motorized spindle are brought forward.更多还原