WTO框架下我国农业的支持与保护

【作者】 李晓珍；

【导师】 田玉梅；

【作者基本信息】 首都师范大学 ， 马克思主义理论与思想政治教育， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 农业是国民经济的基础，作为拥有13亿人口的人口大国、拥有9亿农民的农业大国，农业在我国国民经济中的基础地位和作用尤为重要。而由于历史的和现实的原因，我国的农业基础至今仍很薄弱，农业劳动生产率低、规模狭小、经营分散、耕作方式落后，粮、棉、油等主要农产品成本高、品质差、竞争力不强。2001年12月11日，中国正式加入世界贸易组织。入世在给中国农业发展带来巨大机遇的同时，也使中国农业面临着严峻的挑战。这种挑战主要源于两方面：一是接受WTO《农业协定》中关于市场准入、减少国内支持和出口补贴等规定的约束；二是履行入世谈判中关于逐步降低进口关税，拆除非关税壁垒、开放农产品市场的承诺。面对机遇与挑战，中国一方面要抓住机遇加快农业自身发展；另一方面，要加强政府对农业的支持与保护，积极应对挑战。本文即是在中国入世的大背景下，探讨如何按照WTO《农业协议》的规定，建立和完善我国入世后的农业支持与保护体系，以减缓入世对我国农业的冲击，保持农业的持续、稳定发展，使我国农业在国际竞争中处于有利地位。 本文共分四个部分。第一部分，探讨入世后我国实施适度农业支持与保护的必要性。由农业支持与保护是经济发展的一般规律和我国农业的现状以及入世对我国农业的影响，得出我国入世后必须学习国际经验，充分利用世贸组织的有关规则，建立健全政府对农业的支持与保护的结论。第二部分，结合WTO《农业协议》和我国入世承诺，分析入世后我国农业支持与保护的空间。第三部分，从我国农业支持与保护的主体、对象、原则、方式四个方面，探讨我国入世之后的农业支持与保护政策体系。第四部分是本文的重点，结合WTO《农业协议》中的市场准入、国内支持和动植物卫生条款，对我国入世后的农业支持与保护措施提出建议，其中重点论述了利用“绿箱”措施，加大对农业的支持与保护力度。最后，本文分析了农业支持与保护同农业自身发展的关系，提出在强调农业支持与保护的同时，还要重视农业自身的发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 The agriculture is the national economy’s foundation. As a big country, China has a population of 13 hundred million,9 hundred million of whom are farmers, so agriculture plays a particularly important role in China. However, Chinese agriculture has plenty of defects: the weak foundation, the lov; labor productivity, the narrow and disperse running scale, the laggard way of cultivation, the high cost and the bad quality of the main agricultural product. On December 11,2001, China entered WTO formally. It brings not only a great opportunity but also an austere challenge for the development of Chinese agriculture. The challenge comes from two aspects: one is that we must accept the restriction of "The WTO Agriculture Agreement" rule on the market permission, the domestic support, the export subsidies .The other is that we must carry out the promise related to reduce the tariffs gradually, tore down not-tariff barracks, open the agricultural product market. Facing the opportunity and challenge, China should take advantage of the opportunity to develop agriculture rapidly, meanwhile, we should strengthen the government’s protection on agriculture to meet the challenge. This article studies how to establish and consummate the system of supporting and protecting agriculture, according to the rule of "The WTO Agriculture Agreement", hi order to alleviate the impact of entering the WTO, keep Chinese agriculture’s advantage position in the international competition, ensure continual and steady development of our country’s agriculture.The first section discusses the necessity of China supporting and protecting agriculture after entering the WTO. To support and protect agriculture is the rule of economics development, our agriculture is far behind, and entering WTO will impact the agricultural development of our country, so we can draw a conclusion that China must learn from the foreign experience to establish and consummate the system of supporting and protecting agriculture according to the rule of "The WTO Agriculture Agreement". The second section analyzes the space of supporting and protecting agriculture after entering the WTO, according to "the WTO Agriculture Agreement" and our promises. The third section probes into the system of supporting and protecting agriculture from four aspects: the main body, the object, the principle and the way. The fourth section is the focus on the article and it provides the measures for supporting and protecting agriculture, emphasizes strongly the "Green Box "policy. At last, the article points out that we not only supports and protects agriculture, but also accelerate the development of agriculture of itself.更多还原