【作者】 谢伟；

【导师】 姚秉华；

【作者基本信息】 西安理工大学 ， 环境工程， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 液膜分离技术具有设备简单、选择性好、能耗低等优点，是近年来研究较为广泛的一种新型分离技术。而支撑液膜法在处理含重金属离子工业废水方面更有其独特优势。支撑液膜技术已被国内外专家推荐作为从溶液中选择性分离、浓缩和回收金属的新技术。 本论文采用支撑液膜分离技术，以多孔聚丙烯膜为支撑体，以2-乙基己基膦酸-单-2-乙基己基酯（PC-88A）为载体，以CHCl₃为膜溶剂，研究了水环境中常见的重金属离子Cd（Ⅱ）、Zn（Ⅱ）、Co（Ⅱ）和Ni（Ⅱ）的支撑液膜传输行为。分别考察了料液相pH值、载体浓度、温度和起始浓度等因素对Cd（Ⅱ）、Zn（Ⅱ）、Co（Ⅱ）和Ni（Ⅱ）传输的影响；获得了该支撑液膜体系富集、传输Cd（Ⅱ）、Zn（Ⅱ）、Co（Ⅱ）和Ni（Ⅱ）的最佳条件： 在单个金属离子液膜分离研究的基础上，使用PC-88A／CHCl₃或PC-88A／TBP／CHCl₃支撑液膜体系，通过控制料液相的酸度，实现了Zn（Ⅱ）与Cd（Ⅱ）、Co（Ⅱ）与Ni（Ⅱ）的相互分离，取得了较为满意的分离效果。最适宜的分离条件为： 西安理工大学硕士学位论文一 当Zn（11）、Cd（11）、Co（11）和Ni（11）四种金属离子共存时，依次分离的适宜条件 为：一 论文第三部分对金属离子在支撑液膜体系中传输过程的传输原理进行了热力 学分析和动力学探讨，从界面化学和扩散传质角度建立了金属Cd（11）离子的传输动 力学数值方程。通过实验验证，由该动力学数值方程得出的理论曲线与实验数据能 较好地吻合，利用此传输动力学数值方程对Cd（11）离子传输过程的渗透系数进行了 预测，获得了有关参数。更多还原

【Abstract】 The liquid membrane separation technology have the character as with single equipment, rapid separation rate, fine separation select quality, low energy consume and is a new separation technology studied in recent years. And the supported liquid membrane technology have been recommended as a new technology to separate, concentrate and receive metal ions.The effects of pH values in feed solution, carrier concentrations, temperature and concentrations in feed solution on the transport rate of heavy metal ions containing Cd(II) ?Zn(II), Co(II) and Ni(II) through a supported liquid membrane consisting of a 2-ethylhexylphosphonic acid mono- 2-ethylhexyl ester (PC-88A) solution in CHCh, adsorbed on a polypropylene microporous film, were studied. And the best conditions to transfer these ions are listed as below:Metal ionspH values in feed solutionPC-88A/ (mol/L)Temperature/KCd(II)5.0-5.40.12-0.17280-298Zn(II)4.6-5.40.12-0.19293-308Co(II)5.4-6.00.10-0.19280-298Ni(II)5.7-6.00.12-0.17280-298The second part of the paper is about the separations of Cd(II) and Zn(II)> Co(II) and Ni(II) > and Cd(II) ^ Zn(II^ Co(II) and Ni(II) by the control of the acidity of feed solution. And in the second part, a new supported liquid membrane system consisting of PC-88A as main carrier and tributyl phosphate(TBP) as synergistic carrier, CHC^ as membrane solvent, adsorbed on the polypropylene microporous film, fySC^ as stripping phase was studied to separate Zn(II) and Cd(II). The optimum conditions obtained are listed as below:Metal ionsPC-88ATBPpH values in feed solutionstripping solutiontimeZn(II)Cd(II)0.12mol/L0.035mol/L3.0-3.40.33mol/LH2SO430~40minCo(II)Ni(II)0.17mol/L-----5.0l.Omol/LHCl90minThe optimum conditions to separate the mixture of Cd(II) , Zn(II^ Co(II) and Ni(II) are listed as below:Metal ionspH values in feed solutionstripping solutionTemperature /KZn(II)/Cd(II)Co(II)Ni(II)3.6l.Omol/LHCl298Cd(II)/Co(II)Ni(II)4.60. 33mol/LH2SO4298Co(II)/Ni(II)5.0l.Omol/LHCl308The third part of the paper is the transport analysis of supported liquid membrane system. The permeability coefficient, aqueous diffusion film thickness, and diffusion coefficient of Cd(Il) ion through the supported liquid membrane have been measured though the experimental results. The data were explained by a previously derived equation in terms of membrane diffusion, aqueous film diffusion, and aqueous complex formation chemistry.更多还原