乳化柴油及其实验研究

【作者】 刘蔚；

【导师】 王正；

【作者基本信息】 大连理工大学 ， 动力机械及工程， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 能源和环境保护是人类面临的两大问题。乳化柴油作为一种代用燃料，既可以减少燃料消耗又可以控制排放，本文对乳化柴油配制效果和在柴油机上的应用性及其燃烧机理进行了分析。 实验中采用HLB值法筛选，乳化剂采用混合表面活性剂。通过试验对乳化柴油的乳化效果和稳定性进行了分析，并对影响因素进行了研究。 在1135柴油机上进行了乳化柴油的台架试验，通过大量试验数据及图表分析了影响乳化油燃烧效果的因素，包括乳化剂的因素如乳化剂配比、助添加剂、含水量、乳化方法等，以及喷油嘴类型等。并在2135双缸柴油机继续进行了乳化柴油的台架试验，研究乳化柴油的燃烧性能。 通过对大量稳定性试验和台架试验，选定稳定性和节油降污综合效果较好的三种乳化剂。并经反复试验表明实验中的乳化柴油与纯柴油相比平均节油率超过10％，主要排放物NOx降低超过10％、碳烟降低50％以上，同时排温和最高燃烧压力降低。 通过以上试验及已有理论对乳化油的燃烧机理作进一步研究，阐述了水在乳化油燃烧中的作用，分析了乳化油节油降污的原因。更多还原

【Abstract】 Energy sources and environment protection are two important problems that mankind is confronted with. As a kind of alternative fuel, emulsified fuel can reduce fuel consumption and emissions. The performance and combustion mechanism of emulsified fuel used on diesel engine are studied in this paper.According to knowledge of surfactants, the emulsifiers are selected by the rule of Hydrophile-Lipophile-Balance value, and the emulsifiers are maken of several kinds of surfactants. The factors that influence the stability of emulsified fuel are discussed in this paper.The performance experiments of emulsified diesel oil are done on a 1135 diesel engine. By a lot of experiment data and charts, the factors that influence the combustion effect are analyzed, including the factors of emulsified fuel self such as emulsifiers, water content, emulsifying way, the model of engine, and so on. The performance experiments of emulsified diesel oil are also done on a 2135 diesel engine.By many experiments, three kinds of emulsified diesel oil with better integrate effect of stability, fuel saving and emission decreasing are selected. The repeating experiments show this kind of emulsified diesel oil can reduce fuel consumption by at least 10 percent, smoke density by more than 50 percent and NOx emission by more than 10 percent. And the exhaust temperature and the maximum combustion pressure also decrease.With the experiments and known theory, the combustion mechanism of emulsified fuel is analyzed. The effect of water in combustion is discussed. And the reason of fuel saving and emission decreasing in emulsified fuel combustion is revealed.更多还原