滇盐与明清云南社会经济述论

【作者】 李正亭；

【导师】 曹相；

【作者基本信息】 云南师范大学 ， 中国古代史， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 盐类矿床在云南境内分布较广，有固相盐矿与液相盐卤两类，历史上以开发盐卤为主。关于云南井盐的记载，最早见于《汉书·地理志》，此后虽经历代开发，但直至明清时才有较大发展。明清两朝在云南设有盐官盐役，他们与其它地方官员配合，控制云南盐业生产，征收盐课，维护封建统治。本文据有关史籍，运用马克思主义史学方法，考究明清在云南盐务管理之得失、盐课的征收及其财政意义等，并试对明清云南的私盐问题和云南历史上的“盐币”作了专题考述。 全文共分四部分。 第一部分论述了明清云南盐业生产发展的原因及表现，从官府对食盐产、运、销诸环节的管理出发，分析其弊端，提出盐业生产发展是一些地区“改土归流”之根本原因的见解。 第二部分结合云南社会经济的发展，分析明清时在云南征收“场课”和“引课”的情况，突出盐课在明清云南财政中的地位。 第三部分评述明清云南私盐的类型与缉私手段。第四部分论述南诏以来“盐币”的流通及其废退。“盐币”的使用在客观上对落后地区商品的流通是有利的。 全文旨在突出井盐生产的发展与云南社会经济诸范畴间的互动关系。井盐生产的发展对边疆经济的繁荣起了促进作用，有利于明清中央政府对云南的控制。更多还原

【Abstract】 Salt mines , which are widely distributed over Yunnan Province , are composed of solidified salt and liquid bittern, and the latter was mainly exploited in history. The first record about well - salt in Yunnan was discovered in the book, A General History of the Han Dynasty (Geography volume). The exploitation of salt at Yunnan , which lasted for several dynasties, made a remarkable progress in the Ming and Qing dynasty. During the two dynasties, the royal courts sent official and soldiers to Yunnan , whose duties were in charge of the safeguard the fedual rule with the help of other local officials. On the base of historical books concered and the Marxism historical methods, this paper investigates the gains and losses of the management on salt industry, the levy and financial significance of salt taxation in the Ming and Qing Dynasty. And then, the wirter tries to make a special study on the contraband salt at Yunnan in the Ming and Qing Dynasty and "Salt Coin" existed in Yunnan history.The thesis consists of four parts:The first part discusses the cause and performance of the development of salt production at Yunnan in the Ming and Qing Dynasty. After analyzing the drawbacks of the official management on the production , transportation, sale of common salt, the writer advances a new opinion that the development of salt production should be the root cause of some regions’ implementation of "Power Shift Policy".The second part analyzes the situation of "Chang Ke" (tax from salt production spot) and "yin ke" (tax from salt after production) which existed at Yunnan in the Ming and Qing Dynasty, points out the outstanding position of salt tax in Yunnan’ s finance.The third section narrates and makes comment on the types contraband salt and the means employed to suppress contraband salt during the Ming and Qing Dynasty in Yunnan. The fourth section expounds the circulation and abolition of "salt coin" after the Nanzhao local regime, provides the theory that the use of "salt coin " should be objectively beneficial to the goods circulation at backward areas. The paper aims at stressing the interaction between the development of well - salt production and the fields of society , economy and so on in Yunnan Province. The writer thinks that during the Ming and Qing Dynasty , the development of salt production contributed to the prosperity of border economy and was helpful to the central authorities’ control over Yunnan.更多还原