【作者】 谢正勤；

【导师】 钟甫宁；

【作者基本信息】 南京农业大学 ， 国际贸易学， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 经过20多年的改革开放，我国农业取得了举世瞩目的成就，一方面，农业的综合生产能力显著提高，农产品供给基本上摆脱了总量供给不足的局面；另一方面，人民生活水平不断提高，消费需求转向畜禽和其它优质农产品，呈现出多样化、高品质的特点。在农业经济增长的同时，我国农业在朝着建立社会主义市场经济体制的改革目标迈进的过程中市场化程度不断提高，市场机制在资源配置中的作用逐渐加强，农业生产结构不断得到优化。但是，随着市场化改革的推进和人们收入水平的提高，农业生产结构已经不适应人们消费需求的变化，劣质农产品大量积压，优质农产品却供不应求，需要进口，生产结构成为农业发展的主要限制因素，农业生产由主要受资源约束的阶段转入受资源和市场双重约束的新阶段。在这个阶段，如何调整农业生产结构以增加农民收入、满足人们消费需求和促进农业增长，成为农业发展的紧迫任务。 新古典经济理论告诉我们，市场机制是调节资源合理流动的最有效的机制。生产者按照市场信息来安排生产，调整生产结构，有利于优化资源配置，实现效益最大化。结构主义经济增长理论则告诉我们，资源从效率较低的生产部门流向效率较高的生产部门，资源配置的优化将导致总产出的增加，从而促进经济增长。因此，在我国由计划经济体制向社会主义市场经济体制转变的过程中，研究市场机制如何影响结构调整进而促进经济增长具有重要意义。 本研究以市场配置资源理论和结构主义经济增长理论为基础，通过全面测定我国农业增长中结构调整的贡献率和我国农业的市场化程度，分析二者之间的相互关系，为我国继续深化农业的市场化改革、加快结构调整提供决策依据。 研究以整个农业为研究对象，在测算结构调整的贡献率时，分农林牧渔业之间的结构调整和各部门内部的结构调整两个层次；在测度我国农业的整体市场化程度时，从农产品和农业生产要素两个方面着手。文章在回顾我国农业经济增长、结构变迁和市场化改革的过程基础上，测算经济增长中的结构贡献率和农业的市场化程度，对二者的变动趋势和规律进行对比分析，并进行单因素回归，分析二者之间的关系，得出市场机制的完善有利于引导结构调整、增强结构调整在经济增长中的作用的结论，提出了深化农业市场化改革、加快结构调整的相应对策建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 During the reform and open up in the past 20 years, we have obtained striking achievements in agriculture. On one hand, the general productivity has been improved so much that the supply of agricultural products has gone out of the state of insufficiency; on the other hand, the rural household income has been greatly increased and the demand for more qualified and more nutritious foods increased as well. At the same time, the cause of market-oriented reform of agriculture has been gradually uplifted, the function on resources allocation of market mechanism enhanced and agricultural structure optimized in some degree. However, along with the advance of reform and the increase of household income, the product structure is becoming inconsistent with the consumption demand. Irrational structure becomes the main restrict of agricultural development.The neoclassical theory indicates that market mechanism is the most efficient mechanism to optimize resources allocation. According to the market information, producers rearrange their activities so as to rationalize the structure and achieve maximum benefit. Structuralism growth theory says that flowage of economic resources from the inefficient sector to the efficient one can accelerate economic growth. So, in the transition of planning system to market system in China, it is academically and empirically important to research how the market mechanism inducts structural adjustment and thus stimulates the economic development.On the basis of the above two theories, this study measures contribution of both intra-sector and inner-sector structural adjustment to the growth of agriculture and the cause of market-oriented reform in China’s agricultural sector. And by analyzing the relationship between them, the dissertation provides grounds to take measures to deepen market-oriented reform and accelerate structural adjustment.To measure contribution of structural adjustment, the study distinguishes two levels, which are the restructuring among and within farming, forestry, animal husbandry andfishery. To measure the cause of China’s market-oriented reform in agricultural sector, it starts from two aspects-agricultural products and agricultural factors. On the ground of reviewing the history of agricultural growth, structural adjustment and the course of the market-oriented reform, the study estimates the portion in the agricultural growth contributed by structural adjustment and the cause of market-oriented reform. Comparing the fluctuant trend and rule of the two series and simply regressing them, we conclude that the perfection of market mechanism is helpful to steer structural adjustment and enhance its contribution to economic growth.更多还原