【作者】 王嘉楠；

【导师】 刘盛全；

【作者基本信息】 安徽农业大学 ， 木材科学与技术， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 本文以生长在安徽省天长市市郊林场的杨树人工林Ⅰ-69杨(Populus deltoides CV.Ⅰ-69／55)木材为对象，从木材性质及其变异规律入手，运用木材解剖学、木材物理学、木材力学的基本原理，研究了杨树人工林木材的纤维形态特征、组织比量、微纤丝角、年轮宽度、基本密度、纤维饱和点、干缩性质、材色指标、主要力学性质以及两种施肥条件下杨树人工林木材性质的比较等。具体结果如下： 1．Ⅰ-69杨人工林木材主要解剖特征和物理性质变异规律 ①径向变异：Ⅰ-69杨人工林木材纤维长度、纤维宽度、长宽比、导管比量、弦向全干干缩率的径向变异都是自髓心向外开始逐年增大，到一定年轮达最达值，此后再逐渐减小或保持平稳；微纤丝角、木纤维比量、木射线比量、纤维饱和点、全干干缩率、材色参数的径向变异都是自髓心向外，逐渐减小，到达一定年轮达最小值，以后在波动中增减或保持平稳；纤维壁厚、壁腔比的径向变异则为自髓心向外，呈递增或递减的趋势，但变化幅度不大，基本在一中心线的上下波动；木材密度和年轮宽度的径向变异为自髓心向外，在波动或局部下降中保持整体略有上升。 ②轴向变异：Ⅰ-69杨人工林木材纤维长度、微纤丝角、基本密度的轴向变异都是从基部至1.3m高度处缓慢下降，1.3m至4m高度处递增，以后保持平稳或略有减小；纤维宽度、纤维壁厚、壁腔比的轴向变异是从树干基部向上逐渐增大，到达一定高度处达最大值，再向上又逐渐减小；木材组织比量的轴向变异自树干基部向上保持平稳或在波动中略有上升和下降。 ③Ⅰ-69杨人工林木材上述材性指标的径向变异均要大于轴向变异，说明林木的“年龄效应”对材性的影响大于“树高效应”对材性的影响。 ④Ⅰ-69杨人工林木材的纤维长度(y)可通过生长轮年龄(x)进行早期预测，预测模型Y=aX~2+bX+c效果优于y=A+BX，相关系数均在0.80以上。 ⑤Ⅰ-69杨人工林木材材色在CIE和孟塞尔表色系均有一定的分布范围。对于QE表色系统，明度 L“在 56．07－89．73的范围内变化，色品指数b”在5．16－27．83的范围内变化，色品指数：“在l．90叫4．22的范围内变化：对于盂塞尔表色系统，明度V在4．46－7．83的范围内变化，色调值H的分布中心在SY左右。对上述各材色参数进行相关性分析可以发现，材色参数之间存在或大或小的相关性，表明了木材材色参数独有的特点。2．L69杨人工林木材主要力学性质 I乃9杨的抗弯强度均值为乃．44 Mpa，抗弯弹性模量均值为 66579 Mpa，顺纹抗压强度为 42．16 Mpa，在木材物理力学性质分级表中均为低级，但在杨属木材中为性质较好的树种。回归分析表明，I－69杨木材抗弯强度、抗弯弹性摸量、顺纹抗压强度与密度之间，各力学性质之间均成明显的正相关性。3．不同施肥条件下I69杨人工林木材性质及其变异的比较 ①纤维形态的变化施肥材与未施肥材比较，纤维长度、纤维宽度、腔径有所减小，纤维壁厚、长宽比。壁腔比、微纤丝角、年轮宽度有所增大。上述纤维形态的变化，经方差分析，差异未达显著水平。此外，形态特征在径向和轴向的变异在两种条件下表现基本类似。 ②物理性质的变化施肥对I－69杨木材物理性质的影响是明显的。木材密度、干缩性质、材色指标均有不同程度的降低。 ③力学性质的变化抗弯强度和动态弹性模量未施肥材大于施肥材，而静态弹性模量和顺纹抗压强度施肥材大于未施肥材。 ④材色性质的变化施肥材与未施肥材比较，在CIE标准色度学表色系统中，明度L”值下降2二％，色品指数a”下降4．8％，色品指数b＊下降3．9％，色饱和度＊”下降3．9％：在盂塞尔表色系绞中，色调标号值H下降氏5％，明度V值下降2．4％，色饱和度C下降4．5％。对两种条件下各材色指标径向变异的分析发现，8年左右是一个转折点，未施肥材在第8年后各项材色指标转而增大，直到树皮部分：施肥材在第8年后却继续保持前面的下降趋势，直到树皮部分。山此可以判断，施肥对I－69杨材色的影响主要是在边材部分。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the study,6 trees of plantation poplar 1-69 (Populus deltoides CV. 1-69/55),growing in the forest station in the suburb of Tianchang city Anhui Province were selected as the materials. The research fields covered the anatomical features,the tissue proportion,the microfibrillar angle,the ring width,the basic density,the fiber saturation point,the shrinkage,the wood color properties,the mechanical properties and the influence in wood properties of the fertilization. The results are as follows:1. Variation patterns of the main anatomical features and physicalproperties of plantation poplar 1-69a) The radial variance:From pith outward,the fiber length,the fiber width,the ratio of fiber length to fiber width,the proportion of vessel,the tangential shrinkage rate from wet to oven-dry of plantation poplar 1-69 wood all increase by year,reach maximum at some year and then,decrease gradually or level off;the microfibrillar angle,the proportion of fiber and ray,the fiber saturation point,the radial shrinkage rate from wet to oven-dry and the wood color properties of plantation poplar 1-69 wood all decrease gradually,reach minimum at some year and then fluctuate or level off;while the cell wall width,the ratio of cell wall width to lumen width increase or decrease insignificant,mostly fluctuate above or below a axis;the wood density and ring width of plantation poplar 1-69 wood mostly increase a little.b)The axial variance:From the base upward,the fiber length,the microfibrillar angle,the basic density of plantation poplar 1-69 all decrease to height 1.3m,increase from the height 1.3m to 4m,then decrease gradually or level off;the fiber width,the cell wall width,the ratio of cell wall width to lumen width of plantationpoplar 1-69 increase gradually,reach maximum at certain height,then decrease slightly;the tissue proportion level off or fluctuate.c) The radial variance of wood properties all above is larger than that of the axial variance. That is to say,the influence of "cambium age" on wood properties is larger than that of "tree height" on the wood properties.d) The fiber length (y) of plantation poplar 1-69 could be predicted at the beginning by ring width (x),and the effect of the predictive model Y=aX2+bX+c was superior to the model y=A+BX,with the correlation coefficient were all above 0.80.e) The color parameters of plantation poplar 1-69 distribute in the CIE color system and Munsell color system. In the CIE color system,the lightness L ranged from 56.07 to 89.73;the hue value a ranged from 1.90 to!4.22 and the hue value b ranged from 5.16 to 27.83,while in the Munsell color system the lightness V ranged from 4.46 to 7.83,the hue value H mostly distributed around 8Y. A larger or smaller correlation was in the color parameters of plantation poplar 1-69 above,which stand for the particular characteristics in wood color.2. The main mechanical properties of plantation poplar 1-69The mean value of modulus of rapture is 75.44 Mpa,the mean value of modulus of elasticity is 6657.9 Mpa,the compressive strength parallel to the grain is 42.16 Mpa. The mechanical strength properties are the lower levels in the terms of the wood physic-mechanical classifying criteria,while the properties of 1-69 is relatively good,in the Populus wood. Regressive analysis shows that each mechanical properties positively related to density and the mechanical properties positively related to each other.3. The comparison between wood properties of plantation poplar 1-69 in different fertilizationa) anatomical changes:Compared to unfertilized plantation poplar 1-69 the fertilized have smaller fiber length,fiber width,lumen width,and the larger cell wall width,the ratio of fiber length to fiber width,the ratio of cell wall width to lumen width,microfibrillar angle,ring width. No difference were foundsignificant among the properties above.b) physical changes: It was significant of the influence of the fertilization in plantation poplar. The value of wood density, shrinkage properties,color par更多还原