【作者】 吉艳芝；

【导师】 赵雨森； 陈立新；

【作者基本信息】 东北林业大学 ， 水土保持， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 本文属于哈尔滨市后备学科带头人基金项目（项目号：0071007014）的内容。 论文以落叶松（Larch gmelinii）人工林不同发育阶段即幼林地、幼龄林和近熟林为研究对象，通过对比实验的方法，研究了施肥和未施肥林地土壤肥力、土壤酶活性和微生物数量及林木养分、生理生化活性。结果表明：落叶松人工林随着林龄增加土壤肥力在不断的下降，说明长期经营落叶松人工林地力有衰退的趋势，并且得出几个较佳的施肥方案，幼林地是处理2(N₁₂₀)、处理6(P₁₂₀)和处理9(N₂₀₀P₁₂₀K₈₀M)，幼龄林是处理2(N₁₂₀、处理5(P90)和处理9(N200P120K80M)，近熟林是处理1(N60)、处理5(P90)和处理9(N200P120K80M)。 施肥后，落叶松林地的土壤物理性质有了改善，土壤变的疏松，增强了蓄水保肥能力。土壤中的有机质、全N、全P、水解N、速效P等养分都有所增加。特别是土壤P的有效性显著增强。施肥增加了土壤中的有机质含量，使土壤微生物的数量增加，尤其是细菌数量增加的最为明显。土壤酶的活性增强。施肥后落叶松叶片和根系的全N、全P增加，叶绿素含量、叶片的净光合速率增加，呼吸速率、a／b比降低。另外对落叶松与水曲柳（Fraxinus mandshurica）混交林、落叶松与蒙古栎（Quercus mongolica）混交林进行了一种施肥处理的试验，施肥后土壤的理化性质、微生物、酶活性及植物养分、生理特性等都有不同的改善和提高，并且对蒙古栎混交林的施肥效果要好于水曲柳混交林。</sub>更多还原

【Abstract】 The study is the content of Harbin’fund project (project number:0071007014) for reserved person who will take the lead in special subject in the future.Research on the soil fertility,soil enzyme activity,soil microbiological quantity,forestnutrient and forest physiological activity before and after fertilization was conducted throughthe method of contrast experiment with the different developing phase of larch plantations.,that is young forest land,young stands and near mature forest as research objects in this paper.The results indicate that the soil fertility of larch plantations is decreasing all along with theaddition of forest age and the soil potential has the trend of recession under long managementof larch plantations. Several better schemes of fertilization were gained,that is treatment 2(N120) .treatment 6 (P90) and treatment 9 (N200P120K80M) for young forest land,treatment2 (N120) .treatments (P90) and treatment 9 (N200P120K80M) for young stands,treatment 1(N60) .treatments (P90) and treatment 9 (N200P120K80M) for near mature forest.Soil physical character was improved in forest land of larch plantations,after fertilization. The soil was loose and the ability of water sluice and fertility conservation was enhanced. The contents of organic matter,Total N,Total P,hydrolyzed N,rapidly available P and etc. were increased a little in soil,especially the availability of P was obviously enhanced. The content of organic matter was added in soil after fertilization,so the soil microbiological quantity was added,especially the quantity of bacteria was obviously added. The soil enzyme activity was strengthened. Full N and full P of leaves and roots and the content of chlorophyll and the net photosynthesis velocity of leaves were added in larch plantations,after fertilization,but the velocity of respiration and the ratio of a and b were decreased. In addition,an experiment of fertilization treatment on Larch-Manchurian ash mixed forest and Larch- Mongolia mixed forest was conducted.The soil physical and chemical properties,microbiological quantity,enzyme activity,plant nutrient and physiological characters were improved and advanced in some extents after fertilization and the fertilization effect of Larch- Mongolia_walnut mixed forest was better than Larch-Manchurian ash mixed forest.更多还原