【作者】 吴凌霞；

【导师】 丁炯； 韩群颖； 王鹤鸣；

【作者基本信息】 南京医科大学 ， 解剖学与组织胚胎学， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 目的 通过观察大鼠下丘脑内一氧化氮合酶阳性神经元的分布及与催产素、血管加压素的共存，为阐明一氧化氮(NO)对下丘脑有关生殖、性行为和心血管活动的调节提供较详细的形态学资料；并为进一步阐明下丘脑内有关核团的神经内分泌调节机制提供形态学基础。 方法 用NADPH-d组织化学方法，并结合免疫组织化学双标技术，观察大鼠下丘脑各主要核团内一氧化氮合酶(NOS)与催产素(OT)和加压素(AVP)免疫阳性神经元的形态、分布及共存关系。 结果 1．室旁核(PVN)内NOS阳性神经元与OT、AVP免疫阳性神经元的分布与形态基本类似，并部分共存。NOS与OT的共存率在PVN各亚核存有差异：前连合核(AC)最高，内侧室旁核(PVM)、外侧室旁核(PVL)次之，室旁核后亚核(PvPO)最低。NOS与AVP的共存率在PVN各亚核亦存有差异：PVL最高，PVM、PvPO次之，AC最低。 2．视上核(SON)内NOS阳性神经元与OT、AVP免疫阳性神经元的分布与形态基本类似，并部分共存。在各冠状平面上，NOS-OT与NOS-AVP神经元的具体分布位置存有差异。 3．3V的背侧部、腹侧部、底部均存在NOS与OT、AVP的双标阳性触液神经元，两种双标阳性触液神经元在数量、分布位置上均有差异。 4．在下丘脑其它一些大细胞副核中也有NOS与OT、AVP的双标阳性神经元分布。 结论 实验结果显示下丘脑不同区域或核团，甚至同一核团的不同亚核内的NOS-OT与NOS-AVP神经元的分布及共存率均存在差异，提示NO对下丘脑不同区域或核团内OT和AVP神经元活动的调节方式可能存有差异。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objective : In order to provide the anatomic date for the role of nitric oxide (NO) in modulating many physiological behaviors such as reproduction, sexual behaviors and the central visceral and cardiovascular functions,we investigated the distributions and interrelations of nitric oxide synphase (NOS),oxytocin (OT),and 8-arginine vasopressin(AW) immunoreactive (IR) neurons in the maynocellullar neurosecretory nuclei of the rat hypothalamus. This give the basis material for exploration of the neuroendocrine medianism of the hypothalamus.Methods : The morphologies, distributions and coexistence of NOS positive neuronal cell bodies, OT immunoreactive and AVP immunoreactive neuronal cell bodies were observed in the different nucleus of the hypothalamus by combination of OT and AW immunocytochemical methods and NADPH-diaphorase histochemistry.Results: 1. The morphology and distribution of NOS positive neurons and OT immunoreactive neurons were fundamental similarity in the PVN, and high degree of coexistence of NOS with OT was found also. The relative frequency of such coexistence varied between the different parts of the PVN, with the highest degree of NOS-OT coexistence in AC,PVN and PVL but a minor coexistence in PvPO was found.2.The morphology and AVP-IR neurons were fundamental similarity in the SON, and high degree of coexistence of NOS with OT or AW was found also.However, the location of NOS-OT neurons and NOS-AVP neurorng is different.Most NOS-OT neurons located in the dorsal part of SON and NOS-AVP cells in it’s ventral aspect. 3.NOS-OT and NOS-AVP positive cerebrospinal fluid-contacting neurons could be found in the dorsal wall,ventral wall and bottom wall of Third ventricle(3V). The distribution and the ratios of neurons expressing both markers(NOS and AVP,NOS and OT)in each wall of 3V were different.4.Coexistence was also found in other accessory magnocellular nucleus of the rat hypothalamus.ConclusionrThe ratios of such coexistence varied between the different nuclei parts or different subdivisions of the hypothalamus which suggested that these different regions had different functions.NO may differenially modulate the activitives of OT and AVP neurons.更多还原