【作者】 曾大力；

【导师】 钱前；

【作者基本信息】 中国农业科学院 ， 作物遗传育种， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 水稻耐储藏特性主要包含两方面内容，作为稻米消费，耐储藏水稻经长期储藏后更能维持稻米的原有风味；作为种子或种质保存，耐储藏水稻经长期储藏后具有较强的生活力。水稻种子的储藏特性将会影响保存种质的繁育频率、生产用种量及秧苗的生长状况，尤其是杂交种子的生产经营风险等渚多问题。本研究以人工老化为手段，对1200余份水稻种质进行了储藏特性的分析，利用ZYQ8／JX17的DH群体对水稻种子的储藏特性进行初步的遗传分析，另外，以筛选获得的耐储藏材料和Lox-3缺失突变体为材料，开展了耐储藏新材料的育种尝试。 主要研究结果如下： 1．56份水稻材料的人工老化和自然老化的相关性分析表明，本研究采用的人工老化和自然老化在结果呈较好的一致性；通过对人工老化强度的调整，尤其是人工老化处理时间的调整，可以获得理想的处理效果；休眠对储藏特性的分析可能有部分干扰，但通过对无休眠特性和具休眠特性材料的比较表明，休眠特性和储藏特性可能受两种不同机制影响。 2．通过对Lox-3缺失突变体的老化动态分析，以及多年的试验结果表明，Lox-3缺失突变体除能延缓脂肪酸的氧化酸败外，还具有较好的耐老化特性。 3．通过对两套近等基因系的比较研究表明，籼型材料比粳型材料更耐储藏；但近等基因系内各材料的储藏特性差异很大，因此，在研究水稻种子的储藏特性时宜选用选用“正常”植株，而少用这些特殊的标记材料。 4．水稻品种的籼粳特性与储藏特性有紧密的联系，籼粳形态指数和老化指数间达0.5165的极显著相关水平，即籼粳形态指数越大，老化处理对其发芽率的影响也越大，越不耐储藏；在籼粳形态指数六个鉴定性状中，抽穗时壳色、稃毛和酚反应3项检测指标与老化指数分别达0.4703、0.4674和0.4500的极显著水平，第1-2节穗轴长和叶毛与老化指数达0.3662和0.3453的显著水平，而谷粒长宽比与老化指数间则无显著性相关。中国农业科学院研究生院硕士学位论文 摘要5．通过对 ZYQS／JX17的 DH群体的储藏特性分析，在第 9染色体、第＊染色体和第 12染色体上共检测到三个中储藏特性相关的 QTL座位；其中，第 9染色体上来自 JX17的等位基因可以提高水稻的储藏特性，其能解释11．9％的总体变异水平；第 11染色体和第12染色体上来自ZYQS的等位基回也可提高水稻的储藏特性。其变 异结实率分别为 22．8％和 10．8％。经复合 QTL模型分析，这三个 QTL能够解释 全部表型变异的 3 8．3％。对第 9染色体、第 11染色体和第 12染色体上所含 QTL 座位的相对应的染色体片段替换系进行的储藏特性分析进一步验证了这些＊L座 位的存在。6．利用人工老化筛选获得的耐储藏材料和 LOX－3缺失突变体为材料，开展了耐储藏 新材料的育种尝试，初步筛选到一些已基本稳定的耐储藏新材料。更多还原

【Abstract】 Long-storability rice usually have good favor and high vigor for a long storage. Rice storability affects the regeneration cycle of accesions stored in geneback, the seed sowing amount and seedling establishment in the rice production, and the risk of commercial production and management of hybride seeds. In this study artificial ageing was used, and more than 1200 rice varieties were screened for long-storability. The characteristic of storability was identified in 127 DH lines, which was derivered from ZYQ8 and JX17, and quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for long-storability was analysed. The long-storability rice and Lox-3 lacking mutant were used for rice storability improvement. The main results were given as following:1. The storability of 56 rice conventional varieties were investigated for ageing index underartificial ageing and natural ageing, and the results indicate that the correlation coefficient among them were highly significant. There is no relationship between seed dormancy and seed storabilty. Artificial ageing maybe is a good method in the study of long-storability.2. The Lox-3 lacking mutant and other three conventional varieties, Zhe 733, Xiushui 11, and KSZ were selected for dynamic study of storability in the process of artificial aging treatment. The decreasing tendency of germination ratio of Xiushui 11, Zhe 733 and KSZ was as 20 to 36 time as much as that of LOX-3 lacking mutant, resulting in that Lox-3 lacking mutant might be a long-storabilty material.3. The storabilty of 27 indica near-isogenic lines and 15 japonica isogenic lines were investigated, it shows that the storability of indica near-isogenic lines is better than japonica, but among near-isogenic lines prominent difference exsits.vi4. 38 rice varieties were screened for morphological index and storability. The results indicate that the correlation coefficient between storability and morphological index in 38 conventional varieties are highly significant. Among the six taxonomic characters of morphological index, the correlation coefficients between storability and CHH (color of hull when heading), hairiness of hull and phenol reaction were highly significant, the correlation coefficients between storability and LPf (length of the first and second panicle internode) and leaf hairiness were significant.5. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling long-storability in rice were identified using 127 DH lines derived from a cross between an indica variety ZYQ8 and a japonica variety JX17. A total of 3 QTLs were detected on chromosome 9, 11 and 12 with the phenotypic variation explaination 11.9%, 22.8% and 10.8%, respectively. The total phenotypic variation explained by three putative QTLs was 38.3% calculated by means of the multiple-QTL model. The storability of 3 chromosome segment substitution lines was also investigated.6. The long-storability and Lox-3 lacking mutant were used for rice storability improvement, many prominent lines were selected in the progeny lines.更多还原