【作者】 邢秀梅；

【导师】 杨福合； 李春义；

【作者基本信息】 中国农业科学院 ， 野生动植物保护与利用， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术，首次对我国新疆三个马鹿品种181头个体的红细胞血红蛋白（Hb）、红细胞酯酶（Es）、血清前白蛋白-2（Pr2）、白蛋白（Alb）、抗胰蛋白酶-1（Pi1）、抗胰蛋白酶-2（Pi2）、维生素D结合蛋白（Gc）、慢α球蛋白（Sag）、后白蛋白（Pa）、前转铁蛋白-1（Prt1）、前转铁蛋白-2（Prt2）、转铁蛋白（Tf）、后转铁蛋白（Ptf）共13个蛋白位点进行了遗传检测。检测结果表明：Hb、Prt1、Pa、Prt2、Sag、Ptf分别受两个共显性的等位基因控制，Tf受三个共显性的等位基因控制。塔里木马鹿、天山马鹿、阿尔泰马鹿血清Alb、Gc、Sag、Pr2位点均检测到1种表型；在Ptf位点检测到2、2、1种表型；在Hb位点、Prt1位点都呈2种表型；在Tf位点检测到3、4、3种表型；在Pa位点检测到3、3、2种表型；在Prt2位点检测到3、2、2种表型；未检测到Es、Pi1、Pi2。杂交鹿的遗传分析表明，杂交鹿的基因型为两个亲本的基因重组。 各位点的Hardy—Weinberg平衡状态分析表明：阿尔泰马鹿Prt2、Pa位点，天山马鹿Tf、Prt2、Pa、Ptf位点，塔里木马鹿Ptf、Tf、Prt2位点为平衡位点。天山马鹿的Hb、Prt1位点，塔里木马鹿的Hb、Prt1、Pa位点，阿尔泰马鹿的Hb、Tf、Prt1位点偏离Hardy—Weinberg平衡状态。新疆三个马鹿群体多态蛋白位点的平均杂合度的大小依次为：塔里木马鹿（0.2438）＞天山马鹿（0.2294）＞阿尔泰马鹿（0.2181）。 聚类分析结果反映了新疆三个马鹿品种间的亲缘关系，天山马鹿与阿尔泰马鹿的亲缘关系最近（D=0.0274），其次是天山马鹿和塔里木马鹿的亲缘关系（D=0.0513），阿尔泰马鹿与塔里木马鹿的亲缘关系最远（D=0.1078）。说明利用蛋白多态性识别茸鹿品种及探讨茸鹿品种间的亲缘关系是可行的。 通过对塔里木马鹿锯别与产茸量之间的回归分析，建立1～6锯鹿与头茬茸产量之间的回归方程：Y₁=0.9833X₁+2.3134（R=0.9900），建立1～5锯鹿与二茬茸产量之间的回归方程；Y₂=0.2840X₂+0.3947（R=0.9631）。 通过建立一般线性模型对塔里木马鹿生化遗传标记的筛选，最小二乘效应值估计表明：Hb位点、Prt2位点对母鹿产仔成活率、Hb位点对茸主干长度之间存在显著相关（p＜O.05）。效应值估计分析表明：Prt1的AA型对仔鹿初生重、Hb的AA型对母鹿的产仔成活率、PrtZ的AA型对公鹿的脱盘日期效应估计值已达显著水平一m刀5人 说明血液蛋白多态位点的某些基因型与繁殖性能、生产性能、产茸性能之间存在着遗传上的相关。因此可以应用Hb位点的AA型、PrtZ位点的 AA型、Prt位点的 AA型标记塔里木马鹿的品种特征。更多还原

【Abstract】 Thirteen blood protein Loci of three deer breeds in Xinjiang (Tianshan Wapiti, Aertai Wapiti and Talimu Wapiti), which included Erythocyte Haemoglbin(Hb), Erythocyte Esterase(Es), Serum Prealbumin-2(Pr2), Albumin(Alb), protease inhibitor-1 (Pi 1), protease inhibitor-2(Pi2), Vitamin D binding protein(Gc), slow a -glycoprotein(Sag), pastalbumin(Pa), pretransferrin(Prtl),Pretransferrin(Prt2), Transferrin(Tf), posttransferrin(Ptf), were detected by methods of vertical polyyacrlamid gel electrophoresis .The results showed that Hb, Prtl, Pa, Prt2, Sag, Ptf were controlled by two codominant alleles, and Tf was controlled by three ones. Only one Phenotype in plasma was detected at Alb, Gc, Sag, Pr2 Loci, and 2, 2, 1 phenotypes at Ptf Locus, and 2 phenotypes at Hb and prtl, and 3, 3, 2 phenotypes at Tf Locus. Pa Locus took on 3 phenotypes and Pra2 Locus was 2, 3, 3 phenotypes, bus no detectation was done at Es^ Pil and Pi2 Loci. Genetic analysis for crossing deer showed that the genetype of crossing deer was Gene-recombination of their parents.It also showed that all breeds for different Loci of phenotypes lie in Hardly-Weinberg equilibrium state except Hb Locus in Tianshan and Hb> Prt2> Pa> Loci in Talimu,the average heterozygosity of polymorphism Loci for Xinjiang Wapiti was 0.2675 ^ 0.2507 and 0.1545 respectively.The cluster analysis showed that the genetic distance between Tianshan and Aertai is 0.0489, and the next is Aertai and Talimu(D=0.0614), and the relationship between Tianshan and Talimu is the farest (D=0.1601), this indicated that it could be available for Antler deer distinguished by the methods of protein polymorphism and discussed correlation between different breeds.Regression analysis between different saw(l~6) and antler output concluded that the regression formula is: Y1=0.9833X]+2.3134 and theregression equation for 1-5 saw deer and regeneration antler output is:Y2=0.2840X2+0.3947.General linear model was founded for the selection of biochemical genetic marker and by x2 fitness test, it was estimated that there is significant difference(P<0.05) for Hb and Prt2 Loci and the reproduction survival rate and also for the Hb Locus and the main part of Antler.The effect value analysis showed that it is up to significant difference(P<0.05) for AA type of Prtl Locus and the weight of birth. AA type of Hb Locus and reproduction survival rate and also for AA type of Prt2 Locus and the dropping pedicle date; These results indicated that there was genetic correlation for some genetypes at Loci of protein polymorphism and the three properties(economic characters including reproduction, production and Antler output), therefore, we can use the AA type in Hb Locus, the AA type in Prt2 and the AA type in prtl as the deer’s marker to make the breeding of Talimu.更多还原