【作者】 谢涤非；

【导师】 韩博平；

【作者基本信息】 暨南大学 ， 环境科学， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 由于地质构造上的原因，广东自然湖泊甚少，兴建水库成为调节水资源时空分布的主要手段。水库供水在广东省的经济与社会发展中起着十分重要的作用。 为了调查广东省水库的富营养化现状，本论文选择了分布于广东省六大流域具有代表性的19个大中型水库作为研究对象，调查分析其富营养化现状、成因及特点，并在此基础上建议了可能的水质管理方法，最后以高州水库为对象，开发了基于GIS(Arc／View)上的水库水质管理信息系统。 受调查的19座水库总氮、总磷、叶绿素a、化学需氧量、生化需氧量和透明度分别为0.120～7.151、0.001～0.830、0.003～32.360、1.00～7.11、0.02～7.04mg／L和0.4～6.3m。结果表明，广东省大中型水库总体上受有机污染不显著，受有机污染严重的水库都是经济发达的下游地区的水库。总氮和总磷统计结果表明，氮和磷可以做为影响广东省大中型水库藻类生长的限制因子。相关加权综合营养状态指数(TSI_c)计算指标为21.64～57.15。对于每一个水库，丰水期和枯水期的TSI_c是不同的。根据两个水期的综合营养状态指数TSI_c平均值，大多数水库属于中营养型，并有富营养化的趋势。寡营养型水库有3座，分布于经济不发达的上游地区，富营养型水库有2座(契爷石和石岩)，分布于经济发达的下游地区。 各流域富营养化主要特征是：丰水期比枯水期严重，从上游到下游逐渐加重。东江流域相对较轻，而沿海地区和珠江三角珠地区下游相对较重，北江流域中等。 各水库内部富营养化主要特征是：丰水期比枯水期严重，入水口比大坝严重。 库容与富富营养化的主要特征是：大型水库丰水期比枯水期严重，而在枯水期中型水库比大型水库严重。 浮游植物调查结果一共发现了浮游植物有7个门89属142种。蓝藻为富营养化水体的优势种，绿藻为中营养型水体的代表种。从藻类的分布，可以看出各个流域的环境污染水平，污染指示种也比较明显地出现在流域下游富营养化程度严重的水库中。 以ArcView为工具，建立了一个水库水质管理信息系统(RWQMIS)，提供水质管理的可视化工具。更多还原

【Abstract】 Because of the geological structure reasons, natural lakes is few in Guangdong province. Building reservoir constructions became the main means to adjust the temporal and spatial irregularities of the water resource. Reservoir water supply plays an important role in Guangdong province. With the rapid economic development, ecological system of reservoirs has been largely disturbed with human beings activities. The eutrophic levels of Guangdong province increased significantly, especially in those reservoirs close to cities with high population density.In order to make a comprehensive study of the actual status of reservoir eutrophication, 19 representative reservoirs distributing in 6 main basins in Guangdong province are selected in this thesis, analyzing and diagnosing their eutrophic levels and reasons, and their actual eutrophic status and their characteristic of eutrophication. Finally, a water quality management system was built for Gaozhou Reservoir with Arc View.Among the 19 selected reservoirs, the TN, TP, Chl-a, BOD5, COD, and SD are with 0.120-7.151, 0.001-0.830, 0.003-32.360, 1.00-7.11, 0.02~7.04mg/L and 0.40~6.3m respectively. The result shows that the reservoirs were not polluted by the organic pollution, if so, always those reservoirs locating in developed areas in the downstream watershed. The trophic status index TSIC ranges from 21.64 to 57.15. For each reservoir, the index is different in dry and flood seasons. Based on the average index over the two seasons, there are 3 oligotrophic reservoirs locating in economically developing towns upstream; and 2 eutrophic ones situating in developed towns downstream; and 14 mesotrophic ones trending toward eutrophic status.The main characteristic of trophic level of each watershed is: The degree of eutrophication is more serious in flood season than in dry reason, in upstream than in downstream along the watershed. The degree of eutrophication is low at large in Dongjiang watershed, while it is high in littoral and the downstream area of Pearl delta area, and it is medium in Beijiang watershed.The main characteristic of trophic level of each reservoir is: The degree of eutrophication is more serious in flood season than in dry reason in the same reservoir, while the eutrophic degree is more serious in water entry than in the dam.The main characteristic of eutrophication of volume size among reservoirs is: For large reservoirs, the degree of eutrophication is more serious in flood season than in dry reason, while it is more serious in medium and small reservoirs than large ones in dry reason.The result of phytoplankton investigation shows that there are 7 phyla, 89 genera and 142 species. Cyanophyta is the preferential species of eutrophic water body, while the Chlorophyta is the representative species of mesotrophic water body. Through the distribution of algae, we can deduce the pollution level along the watershed. Dominant species appear in reservoirs in the downstream of the watershed.With Arc View, we built a reservoir water quality management information system, offered a visual tool for water quality management.更多还原