金融机构市场退出法律机制研究

【作者】 范湘凌；

【导师】 卢代富；

【作者基本信息】 西南政法大学 ， 法律， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 金融机构因经营失败退出市场，是市场竞争，“优胜劣汰”的必然结果，在经济发达国家较为常见，亦有妥善而有效的退出机制。我国计划经济体制下银行的垄断经营，使金融资源长期处于严重的短缺状态，金融业成为最受保护的行业，根本无退出之虞。随着金融改革和开放的逐步深入，我国也出现了一些问题严重、濒临破产倒闭的金融机构。而我国目前尚无一套系统的、操作性强的处理金融机构市场退出的法律程序及法律制度。因此，对市场经济条件下金融机构市场退出问题的研究迫在眉睫。限于篇幅，本文无法对金融机构市场退出的具体法律制度逐一探讨，只是着重对其主要法律机制进行研究，以期为金融机构市场退出法律制度的构建提供理论支持。 “法律机制”这一概念包含两层含义：一是指从法律规范的形成、实施到产生调整社会关系效果的整个运行的综合原理；二是指法律使其所调整的社会关系达到一定的目标状态而具有的特定作用手段和作用方式。前者是后者运行的内在机理，可称为机理性法律机制，后者则是前者体现和作用的具体形式，可称为运行性法律机制。相应地本文对金融机构市场退出法律机制的研究也包含上述两个层次：即在研究适度干预、市场化、损失和风险分担等机理性法律机制的基础上，着重探讨了这些机制在并购、行政关闭、破产等金融机构市场退出运行性法律机制中的体现与运用。 全文约45000字，除引言和结语外，共分为三个部分： 第一部分：金融机构市场退出法律机制概述。该部分首先对金融机构市场退出及其法律机制的含义进行了界定，并构建了金融机构市场退出法律机制的价值体系：秩序是第一层级的价值诉求，公平和效率在第二价值层级上实现契合，在此基础上，着重介绍了金融机构市场退出的机理性法律机制和运行性法律机制的基本内容。 第二部分：金融机构市场退出主要法律机制研究。该部分是全文的重点，笔者以前述确定的价值理念为指导，运用比较分析、经济分析、博弈分析、系统分析等方法，着重运用各种机理性法律机制对并购、行政关闭、破产等金融机构市场退出运行机制中诸如退出方式选择、退出过程中各方权利义务的界定、金融监管机关的行政权与司法权冲突的救济等相关法律 问题进行了探讨。 第三部分：重要探讨了与金融机构市场退出密切相关的几种配套机制 （危机处理的紧急救助措施，存款保险制度和信息披露制度）的建立与完 善，为金融机构市场退出法律机制作用的发挥提供保障。更多还原

【Abstract】 Under marketable competition and "survival of fittest" circumstances, it is an inevitable outcome for financial institutions to withdraw from market because of operation failures. This also commonly happens in developed countries and there already have been proper and effective withdrawing mechanism in them. But up to now there still hasn’t a set of systematical and operative legal procedures to deal with financial institutions withdrawing from the market in our country. Under the market economy circumstances it becomes fairly urgent to study this theme. Because of the limited space, this paper does not discuss concrete legal systems on financial institution withdrawing from the market but emphasizes on its key legal mechanisms so as to afford the theoretical basis for its law system construction."Legal Mechanism" consists of two meanings, one is a comprehensive theory about the whole running of law and regulations, including shaping, performing effective adjusting to social relationship, the other stands for certain working methods and ways that the law has to adjust social relationship to some purposes. The former can be called legal mechanism in principle, and the latter called legal mechanism in operation. Accordingly this paper studies the legal mechanisms on the financial institutions withdrawing from the market based on the two meanings, i.e, it discusses the legal mechanism in principle, like proper interference, marketilization, share of losses and risks, etc, and moreover it apply these mechanisms to the ones in operation, like merger&acquisition, administrative closing and bankruptcy, etc.Besides preface and postscript, the paper with about 45,000 words, includes three parts.Part I: This part firstly defines the legal mechanisms of financial institutions withdrawing from the market and then contracts its value system: Order is on the first level, Justice and Efficiency should berealized on the second. Based on these, it then stresses the basic contents about the legal mechanisms in principal and in operation.Part II: This is the key part of the paper. Directed by value notion mentioned above and by using the methods of comparative analyses, economic analyses, games analyses and systematic analyses, the author emphatically uses the legal mechanism in principle to discuss related legal problems, such as choices of withdrawing forms, regulations to the rights and obligations of all parties during the course of withdrawal etc, in the legal mechanisms in operation of financial institutions withdrawing from the market like merger &acquisition, administrative closing, bankruptcy etc.Part III: Emphatically discussing the construction and perfection of several coordinative mechanisms (rescue measures dealing with financial crisis, deposit insurance system and information disclosure system) closely related to financial institutions withdrawing from the market, which will provide insurance to the usage of these legal mechanism.更多还原