【作者】 高连喜；

【导师】 陈家骅；

【作者基本信息】 福建农林大学 ， 农业昆虫与害虫防治， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 南美斑潜蝇Liriomyza huididrensis(Blanchard)是一种世界性的检疫害虫。自1995年在我国昆明首次发现以后，伴随该害虫的迅速蔓延，给我国的蔬菜和花卉生产造成了巨大的损失。为给南美斑潜蝇的生物防治工作提供科学依据，本文对南美斑潜蝇的一种重要的寄生性天敌—黄色潜蝇茧蜂Opius flavus Weng et Chen的生物学、生态学特性进行了研究。 在生物学方面，通过田间调查发现，黄色潜蝇茧蜂在植株不同高度上的寄生密度不同，分布中心随作物生长逐渐向上转移。田间寄生曲线的两个高峰期分别出现在4月中下旬和10月中下旬。 成虫在有多头雄虫存在的情况下，有明显的交配竞争行为。单对成虫的平均交配时间为6.3±1.03分钟，成虫产卵的平均时间为31.06±8.84秒。 在室温条件下，完成一个世代需要14.3±2.08天。行两性生殖时雌虫的平均产卵量为57.03±2.1粒，子代性比♀：♂=1.16：1；行孤雌生殖时雌虫的平均产卵量为97.56±3.2粒，后代均为雄虫。 不同营养处理对成虫寿命有一定程度的影响，在提供20％蜂蜜的情况下寿命最长。雌虫平均为18.44±2.11天，雄虫平均为13.33±2.37天，显著长于空白、清水和新鲜豇豆叶片三种处理的雌雄虫寿命。三种处理雌虫的平均寿命分别为：4.00±1.17天、4.38±1.20天和9.31±1.71天；雄虫的平均寿命分别为3.80±0.98天、4.21±1.34天和4.07±2.01天。 在生态学方面，通过室内实验发现温度对黄色潜蝇茧蜂的发育、繁殖均有显著的影响。黄色潜蝇茧蜂卵、幼虫、蛹的发育起点分别为8.518℃、9.909℃和8.656℃，有效积温则分别为60.27、65.75和87.78日度；从卵发育到成虫需要9.631℃以上的有效积温203.04日度。种群世代平均发育期与温度呈负相关，其关系式为：y=-1.7716x+62.9181(r=-0.9713)。成虫寿命与温度之间呈直线负相关，其关系式为：y=30.06-0.7592x(r=-0.9752)。成虫的平均总产卵量y与温度x呈抛物线相关，其关系式为：y=-1.11x~2+47.45x-415.65(r=0.9825)。在恒温实验条件下，黄色潜蝇茧蜂实验种群在21℃时，种群增长最快，种群净增长率为52.15，周限增长率为1.1935。 南美斑潜蝇幼虫密度对黄色潜蝇茧蜂的寄生作用有一定的影响，寄主的幼虫密度和寄生蜂的寄生能力之间的关系可用Holling功能反应模型Ⅱ来模拟： a＝＿（a为寄生数，Th为总寄生时间，％为寄主幼虫密度）。从模型可 1＋0．026Nn 看出，寄生蜂对寄主幼虫的瞬间攻击率为0．3886，寄生一头幼虫需0．624小时。因 此，单头雌蜂在一天内寄生幼虫的最大理论值为38．46头。 寄生峰个体之间存在彼此的干扰反应，黄色潜蝇茧蜂自身密度对其寄生能力的影 响可用模型：a＝QP－”（其中。为发现域，尸为茧蜂密度）来表示，在同一寄主 密度下，寄生蜂密度越大，发现域越小。其关系式为 a＝00899 P川·2629 室内药剂实验的结果表明：渗透能力较强的阿维菌素类农药对南美斑潜蝇的幼虫 和蛹有较好的毒杀效果。由于蛹壳对南美斑潜蝇的蛹有一定的保护作用，蛹的死亡率 相对较低。有熏蒸作用的农药对两者的成虫都有较强的毒杀作用。蜂类敏感的农药 对黄色潜蝇茧蜂的幼虫、蛹、成虫的毒杀作用都很强。黄色潜蝇茧蜂的幼虫、蛹对农 药的敏感性差异不显著。从总体来看，化学农药对寄生蜂的影响远远大于对南美斑潜 蝇的影响。更多还原

【Abstract】 The vegetable leafminer, Liriomyza huidobrensis (Blanchard) is one of the most important pests in many counties. And now it has become the destructive insect pest on vegetable and ornamental crops of China since it was firstly found in Kunming in 1995.The biology and ecology of Opius flavus Weng et Chen, the important larval-pupa endoparasitoid of L, huidobrensis (Blanchard), were studied in this paper.The result of research in field showed that the quantity of Opius flavus Weng et Chen changed at different location of vegetable. The parastism rate had two the peaks, one in the mid-last ten-days of Apr. and the other in the mid-last ten-days of Oct., respectively.The parasitic process often was divided into two steps . the search with the longer time between 4-10 mins and the oviposition with the shorter time between 20-40 seconds.With the room temperature, it took Opius flavus Weng et Chen 14.3±2.08 days to complete a generation,and the adult could lay 57.03 eggs with the sex ratio♀ :♂ =1.16:1 on the normal condition, while under the another condition all parthenogenesis were males. The longevity of the adult was 10.7±1.27 days with 20% honey-water solution. In the treatment with different food sources, 20% honey-water solution could significantly prolong the longevity of the adult.Temperature significantly affected the development of Opius flavus Weng et Chen at the range of 15~30℃, the developmental period of Opius flavus Weng et Chen was decreased with the temperature incresaing. According to the law of effective accumulative temperature, the low temperature threshold of development for the egg, larva, pupa and egg-to-adult of Opius flavus Weng et Chen were estimated to be 8.518℃, 9.909℃, 8.656+ and 9.631℃, respectively; the effevtive accumulated temperature for egg, larva, pupa and egg-to-adult were 60.27, 65.75, 87.78 and 203.04 day-degrees, respectively. At 15℃, 18℃, 211℃, 24℃, 27℃ and 30℃, the net reproductive rates of the experimental population(R0), the innate capacity of increase(rm) and finite rates of increase( A ) were different. The most optimum temperature for development and fecundity was estimated to be about 21℃,with Max-R0 (52.15) and Max-rm (1.1935). Both the longevity of adult and generation period decreased with the temperature rising, the relationship between generation period (y1), longevity of adult (y2) and temperature (x) weredescribed as the following formula: y1=-1.7716x+62.9181 (r2=-0.9713), y2=-0.7592x+30.06 (r2=0.9752). The regress equation for the mean total number of eggs laid by per female (y3) against temperature (x) was y3=-l.llx2+47.45x-415.65.The density of host larvae significantly affected the reproduction of Opius flavus Weng et Chen. More host larvae were parasitized, more the waspbecomed, which could be decribed with Rolling II model: Na =(Na:the number of host larvae; Th,:total parasitic time; N0:host larval density), it was concluded that the instant attacking-ability of Opius. flavus Weng et Chen was 0.3886. A female, parastizing one host larva with 0.624 days, could lay 38.46 eggs within one day theoretically.The density of Opius flavus Weng et Chen also affected the parasitism, which can be simulated with the following equationa = 0.0899 p-0.2629 (a .-the attacking ability;P:the density of Opiusflavus Weng et Chen), The attacking ability would decreased with the rising of the number of the wasp, parastizing the same number of host larvae.Chemical insecticide caused different mortality of L huidobrensis and Opius flavus Weng et Chea The insecticide abamectin with stong penetrate showed powerfully toxicity to the larvae of L. huidobrensis; and the insecticide with strong suffocating had powerfully toxicity to the adults of L. huidobrensis and Opius flavus Weng et Chen . From all the results, it could be concluded that each of the insecticides used in the expriment had much more toxicity to the adult of Opius flavus Weng et Chen than the adult of L. huidobrensis, making almost all the adult of Opius flavu更多还原