固体氧化物燃料电池的实验研究

【作者】 郝刚；

【导师】 沈胜强；

【作者基本信息】 大连理工大学 ， 热能工程， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFC)是一种全固态的能量转换装置，该电池通常采用陶瓷作组装材料，在600～1000℃的高温下操作。由于SOFC能量转换效率高、环境友好、燃料适应性强和寿命长等显著优点，很多国家都很重视对SOFC技术的研究。 本文首先介绍了SOFC的国内外发展现状，并对SOFC的理论给予了简要的分析，计算了电池的理论开路电压和理论效率；其次，研制出平板式Ni-YSZ|YSZ|LSM单体电池，设计组装了电池性能测试系统，以氢气为燃料，氧气为氧化剂气体，在温度为400℃—1000℃的范围内测试了电池开路电压与温度的对应关系，分析了变化的原因，同时在800℃—1000℃的温度范围内考察了单体电池的电流电压特性和电流功率特性，最后，计算了电池的效率。 结果表明，温度在500℃左右时，开路电压随温度升高大幅度提高。当温度超过600℃以后，开路电压变化平缓。电池的输出功率密度随着温度的升高而显著升高，电解质层厚度为1mm的燃料电池的输出功率约为0.5mm的三分之二。提高温度可以使电池的实际效率迅速增加，温度在1000℃时，电池如果在电流密度为0.26A／cm~2状态下工作，其实际效率为48.6％。更多还原

【Abstract】 Solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is an all solid-state energy conversion device. Current solid oxide fuel cells usually use ceramic materials as their construction materials and operate at high temperatures (600 - 1000C) . Because of its high efficiency, environmental friendly, fuel adaptability and long term stability, the research and development of SOFC have been emphasized in a large number of countries.In this thesis, firstly, the outlines and trend of the research and development in the field of SOFC both abroad and at home were reviewed. Secondly, the theory of SOFC was simply analyzed. Thirdly, a flat-plate SOFC of Ni-YSZ-LSM was manufactured, an experiment system was fabricated to measure its performance. In the fuel cell H2 was used as the fuel and O2 was used as the oxidant gas. The open-circuit voltage was measured at different temperatures ranged form 400C to 1000C and at different flow rates of fuel gas. At the same time, the voltage-current characteristics and power-current characteristics of the SOFC with various thickness of solid electrolyte were evaluated. Finally, efficiency of cell was calculated.The results showed that the open-circuit voltage of the cell increased obviously with temperature about 500C, but the change of the open-circuit voltage was very small. The power output of the cell went up obviously with temperature, and the power output of the cell that thickness of solid electrolyte was 1 mm was the two third of the cell that thickness was 0.5mm.更多还原