【作者】 鲁巍；

【导师】 李晔；

【作者基本信息】 武汉理工大学 ， 环境工程， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 我国城市垃圾问题正变得日益突出，每年的城市垃圾达1.46亿吨，而且每年以9％的速度递增，1998年全国668座城市的垃圾清运量已达1.13亿吨。目前国内主要垃圾处理技术是卫生填埋，卫生填埤法作为一种技术成熟、处置费用相对较低的方法，尤其适合发展中国家的垃圾处理。生活垃圾填埋场对环境的主要影响是垃圾渗滤液问题。垃圾渗滤液是由生活垃圾填埋作业后滤出或垃圾分解以及因为降水的原因形成的一种高浓度的有机废水。它成份复杂，可生化性差，水质和水量波动性大，这些特点使得渗滤液的处理仍然是目前尚未彻底解决的世界性难题。 根据近期国内外渗滤液处理技术的发展状况，结合我国实际，垃圾渗滤液的回灌处理技术在我国具有很大的发展前景。将渗滤液收集，回灌到填埋场可以提高垃圾层的含水率，增加垃圾的湿度，增加垃圾中微生物的活性，加速产甲烷的速率和垃圾中污染物溶出及有机物的分解，缩短填埋场垃圾的稳定化进程。基于这些理论基础和事实背景，我们着手研究垃圾渗滤液回灌技术的工艺参数，生物降解机理以及生物降解的限制性因素。本课题是与福州市某垃圾填埋场合作的横向项目，论文的研究成果将及时应用于生产实践。 研究表明，垃圾填埋柱对渗滤液COD的去除效果显著。夏季COD进水浓度为1500mg／L左右，水力负荷在7～60ml／L·d范围内逐渐增加时，出水水质变化不大，去除率基本稳定在70％以上。冬季由于进水温度的下降，微生物活性的降低，处理效果明显下降。虽然最高去除率可达71％，但当水力负荷人于48.6ml／L·d时，出水COD去除率已低于60％。垃圾填埋柱对渗滤液BOD₅的去除十分显著，去除受温度影响较小，并且几乎不存在反应器的启动问题。夏季当BOD₅进水浓度为250mg／L左右，水力负荷达到100ml／L·d时，去除率仍然稳定在80％左右，冬季去除率也基本稳定在80％以上。垃圾填埋柱对渗滤液氨氮的去除也十分显著。回灌初期，去除效果在很短的时间内达到稳定，去除率稳定在96％以上。 本研究对影响回灌效果的主要因素：温度、回灌周期、水力负荷、有机负荷和pH值等做出了较为全面的探讨，从这几个方面讨论了它们影响回灌效果的途径，还利用紫外／可见光谱和原子吸收光谱研究了渗滤液回灌前后有机污染物利部分金属元素的去除规律。更多还原

【Abstract】 The problem of municipal waste is more and more serious in our country, the amount of municipal waste is no less than 1.46 billion tons every year. Furthermore, it is constantly increasing by 9% every year, the amount of municipal waste is 1.13 billion tons in 1998. At present, the main treatment technology of municipal waste is sanitary landfill. The technology of this method is very ripe and its disposal cost is relatively low. Therefore, this method is very proper to developing country to treat municipal waste. Leachate is the principal environmental problem of landfill. Leachate is a high-density organic waste water. The decomposition of municipal garbage and the precipitation are the principal cause that produce the leachate. At present, the treatment of leachate is still a world-wide problem because of the complex component, worse biodegradability and much fluctuation of water quality and water quantity.According to the development of the abroad treatment technology of leachate and the reality of our country, recirculation technology of leachate is a kind of promising method in our country. Recycling the collected leachate to landfill can raise the ratio of containing water of garbage, and increase the humidity of garbage, and improve the activity of microbial in garbage, and improve the rate of producing methane, accelerate the decomposition of organic and shorten the stabilization process of landfill.According to those theories and facts. We have researched the process parameter of recirculation technology, biologic decomposition mechanism and the limited factor of biologic decomposition. This paper is a cooperated project with a landfill in city of Fuzhou City. The achievement of this research will be utilized in practice.The research indicates that the removal ratio of COD is very obvious by garbage column. In summer, when hydraulic load ranges from 7ml/L-d to 60ml/L-d, the change of the water quality of water discharge is very small, and the removal ratio is over 70%. In winter, because the water temperature descend and the activity of microbial reduce. Though the maximum of removal ratio of COD can reach 71%, the removal ratio of COD of water discharge has been under 60%, when hydraulic load surpasses 48.6mg/L-d. The removal ratio ofBOD5, furthermore, there is not the start-up problem of reaction container. In summer, when hydraulic load reaches 100ml/L-d, the removal ratio of BOD5 still over 80%, the removal ratio of BOD5 also can reach 80% in winter. The removal ratio of ammonia nitrogen of leachate is very obvious by garbage column. In the early term of recirculation, removal effect can reach stabilization in short term, and the removal ratio of ammonia nitrogen stabilizes over 96%.This paper discusses some effective factors of recirculation, such as temperature, recirculation cycle, hydraulic load, organic load, and pH.更多还原