把心灵的痛楚变成文字

【作者】 丛坤赤；

【导师】 王万森；

【作者基本信息】 山东师范大学 ， 中国现当代文学， 2002， 硕士

【副题名】论白先勇的悲剧意识

【摘要】 人类的悲剧心态不仅与现实的苦难有关，同时也是一个深层次的文化问题、民族心理问题。作为“现代中国最敏感的伤心人”，不管我们从白先勇的作品中读到什么，都可以鲜明地感受到蕴涵在其中的他那博大而深厚的“悲悯”情怀。因此分析、研究白先勇悲剧意识的独特性，并由此把握他对中华民族传统文化之精华的继承和对西方现代文明的吸收与借鉴，对于中国现当代文学乃至世界华文文学的发展，无疑是有重要意义的。 本论文力图以文化人格与悲剧意识的内在联系为契机，共分三部分来具体论述白先勇悲剧意识的特征，探讨其在中西文化冲突中的价值取向，并追索他那别致的审美情趣、审美心理和主体人格的形成原因及理论基础，以期由此触摸到他的性灵神韵，领悟和把握到他作品中所蕴涵的厚实的文化底蕴和独特的文化意味。 第一部分主要论述了白先勇悲剧意识的表现形态和美感特征。在传统文化与现代文明的冲突中，白先勇痛感中国传统文化的日益失落和整整一个时代的消逝，以及在这种迷失与消亡中人类命运的跌宕起伏。在他看来，历史沧桑感和命运无常感是中国文学的一大特色。他的作品就从时间和命运两个向度，体现了人类的悲剧命运和伤感情绪。其中既有时间流逝、青春不再的帐惘，又有繁华富丽随风飘散的失落，白先勇独特的没落贵族心态，通过高超的叙事技巧得到了淋漓尽致的表达。在创作过程中，他将传统与现代的创作手法相融汇，使其人生经历和个性气质得到了直接表现，而他对不幸人生强烈的倾诉愿望和他对中国文字具体表象功能的把握，又促成了其象征写实小说的形成。象征与写实，二者相辅相成，共同形成了白先勇真挚感人而又悲苦忧郁的创作风格，形成一种具有浓郁中国传统特色的柔婉、哀怨之美，体现出重要而又独特的美学价值。 第二部分写白先勇在哀怨、怅惘情绪中，对中国传统文化的反顾和对其前途命运的思考，着重对其小说的超越意义进行论述。在全球性的现代化进程中，中国传统文化遭受了由中心跌至边缘的悲剧命运。然而传统文化的失落，却加剧了中国人被现代物质文明异化的程度。在中国传统文化遭受着时间和空间双向放逐的背景下，白先勇渴望着它在东西融汇与现代转型下的回归与崛起。留学海外，使他对中国传统文化的审视有了时空上的距离感，从而较为成功地摆脱了社会政治和意识形态层面的功利性诉求，而从人类文明健康进化的层面上，对传统文化有了更为科学的参照、理解和把握。将传统与现代融汇，再加上本土的创新与建设，是他所认定的中国文化由边缘回归到中心的有效途径。对于传统文化的殷切关注，使其文本中充溢着独特的“文化乡愁”，也使他的悲剧意识有了一种历史、文化的厚重。 第三部分从白先勇的出身经历、个性气质和创作原则等方面，探讨了他那忧郁、孤 寂的创作风格和审美取向之所以形成的深层原因。白先勇独特的人生经历不仅为他的创 作提供了独特的表现对象，而且形成了其独特的抑郁气质和审美感受。白先勇的美学观 具有多元共生的特殊性质，他的悲剧意识不仅在理论上受到西方存在主义哲学思想的影 衷 响，而且也受到中国传统佛教观念的启迪，呈现为东西杂揉的状态。对存在主义荒谬学 说和“被抛理论”的借鉴，使他成功地塑造了一系列生命和生活的“绝望者”形象， 细腻生动地表现了弱小的人们对于恶劣的社会环境的种种恐惧、困惑，甚至绝望的心理 状态，所以他被誉为台湾现代小说的盟主。然而，与西方存在主义作品中那种抽象的绝 望、痛苦相比，白先勇的作品呈现出具有中国传统文化色彩的实践性，这种与客观现实 紧密相连的实践性，在一定程度上与白先勇受到佛教“生即是苦”观念的影响有关。在 “生即是苦”的世俗关怀中，白先勇舒缓了苦难给人们所带来的巨大压力，给本来痛苦 不堪的生活笼上一层虚幻的面纱，完成了对中国文学中庸、敦厚的姜学传统的承袭。 结语部分揭示出白先勇小说在现当代文学史上的意义和价值。白先勇的创作特色无 论对台湾文学来说，还是对整个世界华文文学而言都具有重要的意义。在全球化浪潮面 前，在现代化转型面前，白先勇以独特的个人话语和人文关怀重新树起了传统文化的大 旗，捍卫了传统文化的精神，他纠正了早期“全盘西化”式的写作策略的偏颇，较好地粑 实现了传统与现代的融汇，为东西文化的交汇与应用提供了范例，也为中国当代文学的 突围提供了一种可能。因此，从悲剧意识的角度来具体阐释白先勇的创作特征并给其以 历史的定位，正是本篇论文的主要目的和意义所在。更多还原

【Abstract】 Mankind’s tragedy mentality not only have a relation with the realistic misery, but also a cultural problem and psychological problem. Since Bai Xianyong is the most sensitive and grievous Chinese in the modern society, we can feel deeply of his extensive pity sentiments whatever we read in his works. So analysing and studying the distinction of Bai Xianyong’s tragedy mentality, grasping his inheritance of the essence of Chinese traditional culture and his absorption of the west modern culture are important for the development of Chinese contemporary literature, even the global Chinese literature.This thesis discusses the feature of Bai Xianyong’s tragedy mentality in three aspects. We will inquire into his value orientation during the conflict between west culture and east culture, pursue the reason and theoretical base of the form of his distinctive aesthetic psychology sentiment and unique character, feel his personal charm, then discern and grasp his profound literary background and special cultural implication.The first section mainly discusses the pattern of expression and aesthetic feature of Bai Xianyong’s tragedy mentality. During the conflict between traditional culture and modern civilization, Bai Xianyong sadly recognized the Chinese traditional culture’s fading and a whole epoch’s disappearing. Meanwhile mankind’s destiny is rising and falling with it. In his opinion, historical vicissitudes and fatal variability are one of main features of Chinese literature. Therefore his works reflect mankind’s tragedy fate and sentimental moodiness through time and fate. In which there is the flying of time, the flowing of the youth and the losing of flourishment. Bai Xianyong’s special noble mood is expressed thoroughly through superb narrative skill. During the creating process, in order to express directly of his experience and personality, Bai Xianyong have fused the traditional and modern narrative skill. He has a strong desire to pour out the miserable life and recognizs that Chinese character is fit for concrete manifestation which facilitates the forming of his symbolism and realistic novels. Symbol and realism supplement each other and form Bai Xianyong’s sincere and melancholy style together. Bai Xianyong’s works’ beauty with strong Chinese traditional characteristic of delicacy and plaint reflects important and special aesthetic value.The second section deals with Bai Xianyong’s introspection of Chinese traditional culture and thought about its future in the plaintive and distracted sentiment. It emphasizes on his novels surpassing significance. During the whole world’s modernization progressing, Chinese traditional culture has suffered a tragedy fate and fallen to edge from the centre. The losing of the traditional delicate culture has aggravated the degree of Chinese alienation which is caused by the modem material civilization. Under the background of Chinese traditional culture suffering and exiling in time and space, Bai Xianyong is eager for its returning and arising when it is transforming modernly and fusing the west and east culture. Studing abroad makes Bai Xianyong have a distancesense of time and space to observe the Chinese traditional culture.He throws off successfully the utility appealing in social politics and ideology levels and have a more scientific consultation, comprehension and grasping of traditional culture on the level of healthy evolution of mankind’s civilization. Bai Xianyong believes that fusing the modern and traditional culture, adding the native creation and innovation was the most effective way for Chinese traditional culture returnning from the margin to the centre. Because Bai Xianyong concerned of traditional culture deeply, so his works full of special "cultural homesickness" . Then his tragedy mentality has a historial and cultral generosity.The third part talks about the reason of Bai Xianyong’s melancholy and solitary creation style and aesthetic orientation in the aspects of his family background, individual character and creat principle, etc. B更多还原