【作者】 李红梅；

【导师】 徐跃通；

【作者基本信息】 山东师范大学 ， 自然地理学， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 新泰市是我国年产原煤1000万吨以上的大型国有企业——新汶矿业集团所在地，煤炭的地下开采导致的一系列生态环境问题给当地工农业生产和人民生活带来了很大的危害，严重影响了该区域社会经济的可持续发展。本文从土地复垦学和恢复生态学的角度出发，分析了新汶矿业集团翟镇煤矿所在地——新泰市翟镇采煤沉陷地不同于我国华东高潜水位平原矿区的特点。以Mapinfo为工作平台，结合翟镇的自然地理条件和社会经济条件，建立了新泰市翟镇采煤沉陷地复垦潜力综合评价系统，将采煤沉陷地分为三种潜力类型区。并分别对每种潜力类型区的复垦开发利用方向进行了优化设计，包括营养结构、空间结构和用地结构的优化，从理论上和实践上对新泰市翟镇采煤沉陷地的复垦潜力以及复垦过程中用地结构的优化作了初步的探讨，主要内容包括以下几个方面： 1．综述 (1)从地质学的角度分析了采煤沉陷地形成的原因，并根据煤炭开采所引起的地表变形程度的不同将他们分为四类：轻度变形、中度变形、重度变形、区域重度变形。(2)对国内外的“土地复垦”定义进行了探讨，认为在美国土地复垦专家所指出的三种不同程度的土地复垦定义“Restoration”、“Reclamation”、“Rehabilitation”中，最适合我国国情的土地复垦定义应是第三种，即“Rehabilitation”。(3)讨论了矿区土地复垦和生态重建的必要性，并强调了土地复垦是矿区废弃地达到生态重建这一目标的重要手段，矿区土地复垦的最终目标是建立适应本地区自然资源条件和社会经济条件可持续发展的生态系统。(4)概括叙述了近年来我国采煤沉陷地复垦研究进展和存在的不足，提出了本文的写作意义。 2、新泰市翟镇采煤沉陷地复垦潜力研究 翟镇位于新泰市城西10公里处，属于温带大陆性季风气候区，气候温暖，年平均降水量740毫米左右，是我国北方地区自然条件比较优越的地区。翟镇是我国大型国有企业新汶矿业集团翟镇煤矿所在地，煤矿的开采导致该镇许多村庄发生了不同程度的地面沉陷，给当地居民生产和生活带来了很大困难，所以采煤沉陷地的复垦势在必行。本文通过对该地区沉陷地的现状分析，决定选择原地貌类型、土壤有机质含量、土壤质地、潜水埋深、年降水量、灌溉条件、沉陷地积水状况、土地利用现状、沉陷地表改造难易程度等自然地理因子和人均收入、亩均粮食产量以及区位因素等社会经济因子，组成采煤沉陷地复垦潜力评价的评价因子，根据专家赋分值将定性因子和定量因子进行量化，求得它们的量化标准值，使它们具有可比性。然后根据评价模型对新泰市翟镇采煤沉陷地各图斑进行复垦潜力的评价，划分出不同的潜力类型区，其中Ⅰ级潜力类型区内的沉陷地图斑数为10个，占沉陷地图斑总数的23.81％，适宜复垦模式为高产农田-精养渔塘-蔬菜大棚-水生经济作物；Ⅱ级潜力类型区内的图斑数为27个，占沉陷地图斑总数的64.29％，适宜复垦模式为高产农田-网箱养鱼-水生经济作物-蔬菜大棚-林果地；Ⅲ级潜力类型区内的图斑数为5个，占沉陷地图斑总数的11.9％，适宜复垦模式为林果地。 3、新泰市翟镇采煤沉陷地复垦利用结构的优化研究 浴力及适直性评价结果所得到的用地结构主要考虑了待复垦土地的自然属性因素， 但并不一定是最合理的土地利用结构，因此文章在前面适宜性评价的基础上利用线性规 划模型，对采煤沉陷地复垦的用地结构进行了优化配置研究，确定沉陷地复垦的优化目 标为经济效益最佳，建立相应的约柬条件，包括资源约束、资金约束、土方量约柬、劳 动力约束等约柬条件，通过对线性规划模型的求解，求得各种不同复垦利用方向的确切 数值，最后通过对各个复垦方案所取得的社会、经济和生态效益进行比较，选取最适合 该地区沉陷地复垦的方案。 本文的创新之处主要表现在以下几个方面：选取翟镇矿区这样一个既不同于我国晋 陕蒙接壤区黄土高原煤矿露天开采形成的煤环石压占，又不同于两淮等典型高潜水位平 原矿区井下开采形成的深度较大地表塌陷，其原始地貌以低山、丘陵为主的矿区井下开 采造成的地表大面积沉陷进行了分析；以Mapinfo为工作平台，建立了翟镇采媒沉陷地复 垦潜力评价系统，并对不同类型的潜力区进行了复垦模式的设计；利用线性规划模型对 各种复垦模式的确切面积进行了解算，并对各方案复垦以后可能得到的经济、社会和生 态效益进行了预测，以期对当地沉陷地的复垦提供一定的科学依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 Xinwen Mining Group, the large -sized national corporation which produce raw coal over ten hundred million tons every year, lies in the city of Xintai. A series of ecological and environmental questions caused by the coal mining underground have seriously affected the sustainable development of regional society and economy, especially deeply influenced the production of agriculture and industry. From the point of Restoration Ecology and land Rehabilitation, the characteristics of subsidence lands of coal extraction in Zhaizhen Town which differed from the typical phreatic high lever plain mining areas in Lianghuai are analyzed. Supported by Geographic Information System (GIS) and based on the nature geographic and society economic conditions in Zhaizhen Town, the evaluation system to the potentiality of subsidence lands of coal extraction rehibilitation are established,and divided them into three grades. Question of land utilization structure optimization of subsidence areas of coal extraction have tentatively discussed from the feasibility of theory and practice. The major contents are as follows: 1.synthetic narration(1) The origin of subsidence lands of coal extraction has analyzed from the point of geology, and divided the surface deformation caused by coal mining underground into four types according to the different degree of surface deformation, they are light degree deformation, middle degree deformation, serious degree deformation and serious area deformation.(2) The concept of "Land Rehabilitation " at home and abroad are discussed, and pointed out that during three concepts about land rehabilitation put forward by American experts "Land Restoration" " Land Reclamation" "Land Rehabilitation", the most suitable to our national state is "Land Rehabilitation".(3)The essentiality of land rehibilitation and ecological reestablishment are discussed,and pointed out that that land rehibilitation of westland in mining area is the important measure to get the goal of land rehibilitation. The goal of ecological reestablishment is to build the sustainable ecological system which suited to the natural and economic terms in Zhaizhen Town.(4) The present condition of land rehibilitationat home and abroad are discussed . 2. the potentiality of subsidence lands of coal extraction in Zhaizhen TownZhaizhen Town lies on the west part of Xintai City and far away ten kilometers from the city.Through analyzing the statistical data of subsidence lands of coal extraction in Zhaizhen Town, twelve indexes are chose to form the evaluation form system of potentiality of land rehabilitation considered the nature geographic and society economic states in the area, they are geomorphic type before subsidence, the contents of soil organic matter, soil quality, phreatic burial depth, irrigation condition, land utilization condition, surface water deposited states, the degree of surface deformation, Gross Domestic Product(GDP) per capital, cultivated lands per capital and position condition. Using this evaluation index system, the different potentiality grades area of subsidence lands of coal extraction are divided and detailed utilization model of each potential type area is put forward,during which the first grade area accounts for 23.81% of the total area.the second grade accounts for 64.29% which is the typical potential grade of this area.the third grade accounts for 11.90%.Then connecting the different potentiality grade lands with different suitability of land utilization grade making sure of models of different potentiality grade of land rehabilitation in Zhaizhen Town.3.the land utilization structure optimization of subsidence areas of coal extraction in Zhaizhen TownThe results of land utilization structure got by potentiality and suitability valuation of subsidence lands of coal extraction have mainly considered the nature geographic factors ,but they are not the mist optimal land utilization structur Building linear planning model in this thesis to make sure the optimal ratio of different land rehabili更多还原