【作者】 李海军；

【导师】 池书敏； 刘志增；

【作者基本信息】 河北农业大学 ， 作物遗传育种， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 本研究利用甲基磺酸乙酯（EMS，ethyl methane sulfonate）花粉诱变技术进行创新玉米种质的研究。用EMS处理不同来源的玉米材料，通过三代的观察、选择和鉴定，筛选光周期、生育期、抗除草剂及其它有益突变体。 本试验证明在诱变时间为45分钟的情况下，热带群体、温带群体、温带自交系三者对EMS处理液的敏感性依次增加；热带群体的半致死剂量在1.0×10-3和1.5×10-3之间；而温带自交系的半致死剂量在0.5×10-3和1.0×10-3之间，其中温带群体H群的敏感度介于两者之间。 试验表明：利用EMS-石蜡油诱变花粉的方法改变温带玉米材料的生育期是完全可行的；对于温带材料来说，可改变其生育期1-8天，达到了改变生育期的目的。对其生育期的影响总的趋势是生育期的延迟；对生育期提前的作用没有延迟作用明显。对于热带玉米材料，EMS诱变可以改变伴随生育期性状的光周期敏感性。试验中所处理的三个热带群体，在ETO一个群体中M2中出现了三个伴随早熟性状光周期不敏感变异株，其中一穗出现浅黄粒变异。通过M3代田间鉴定表明只有发生粒色变异的穗为真实变异。其株型和雄穗均于ETO群体相似，但株高由ETO原群体350cm降到现在的175cm左右。结实情况基本正常。M3同一穗行植株已基本整齐一致，选出了不同高度略有差异的浅黄粒和白粒两个姊妹系。试验还表明，低浓度的EMS-石蜡油(小于10^-3)有利于早熟突变，而高浓度的EMS-石蜡油(大于10^-3)有利于发生晚熟突变。 EMS处理对温带材料的抗性影响显著。所用的六个温带自交系中四个抗性明显增强；对抗玉米螟的作用尤其明显。原自交系K12感玉米螟受害严重，在施农药的情况下，雄穗仍然严重受损，散粉性较差。使其利用价值大打折扣。在诱变后代中出现了高抗玉米螟的几个穗行。对于热带玉米材料（由于其本身在温带具有高抗性。）EMS-石蜡油对其抗性影响并不明显。 对于选育抗除草剂突变，可能由于群体小，到目前为止还没有发现具有高抗除草剂的突变体；最高耐受浓度只到其致死浓度的2倍；还不能达到大田利用的要求。但是结果表明利用遗传背景复杂的材料（群体材料）作为诱变对象比利用自交系效果明显。这对以后的研究具有一定的指导意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 The studies make use of EMS (ethyl methane sulfonate ) to induce the maize materials’ mature pollen of the differently genetic background to transform its growth period (photoperiod),the herbicide resistance and the else resistance. In the induced offspring the lines including of the target mutation are selected through three generations "observing, choosing and judging. And the selected inbred lines are selfed as the new resources in order to enhance the germplasm.The results of the study indicate that it is feasible to transform the maize growth period by way of EMS-paraffin inducing the mature pollen. For the temperate zone materials, the growth period can be transformed from one day to eight days; for the influence of growth period the total trend is the put-off. As for the resistance, the two inbred lines out of the six temperate inbred lines has changed. Especially for the resistance to the com worm EMS has a obvious effect. For example the original inbred line of K12 is sensitive to the corn worm; though the two times insecticide are used, but the leafages become yellow, the tassel is damaged greatly, so as to the value in use of the high combining ability inbred line is at a discount. In the induced offspring there are five ear rows of the high resistance to the corn worm. As for the tropic materials EMS-paraffin does not have the influence obviously; for the photoperiod (growth period), it has the obvious effect. In the three tropic populations of the study there are three ear-rows of early-maturity mutation. It make clear that only the variation of grain color ’ear is a real mutation; its plant type and its tassel look like the ETO’s ones. But its plant tallness is about 175 cm and the ETO plant tallness is about 350 cm. And the study also indicates that the low concentration EMS(<10?) makes for the early maturity and that the high concentration ( > 10"3 ) makes for the late maturity . For the resistance to herbicide, at the present time there is not the high resistance tothe herbicide of Roundup owing to the low population. The highest resistant concentration is up to the two times of the deadly dose. This dose can not satisfy what is required in use for the field. But the result indicates that the effect that the induced objects are the complicated genetic background is more obvious than the one that the induced objects are the inbred line. Which has the instructive meaning for the continuous study.更多还原