【作者】 魏建兵；

【导师】 符义坤；

【作者基本信息】 甘肃农业大学 ， 草业科学， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 禾本科杂草是草坪中的顽固性杂草，其危害严重，防除困难。为了探求草坪中主要禾本科杂草的发生规律和筛选安全有效的化学除草剂，作者于2001年在沈阳进行了相关研究。 通过调查、田间试验和室内测定分析，基本摸清了沈阳地区草坪四种优势禾本科杂草马唐、稗草、金狗尾草和蟋蟀草的生物学特性和发生规律。包括：频度(分别为：77.5％、70％、63％、14％)，综合危害指数(35.2％)，形态特征，萌发与休眠、温度、水分的关系(四种杂草均具有休眠特性，它们的萌发都有一定的极限和最适温湿度)，出土规律及其与气象条件的关系(共同出土高峰期在高温高湿的6月15日—7月1日，)，物侯节律(均为夏型杂草，集中发生于的6—3月，无论何时出苗的植株大多能完成其生活史，出苗越早，生长期越长，反之越短。)繁殖和再生能力(种子数量多，再生能力强)。并初步测定了不同密度下，杂草与草坪草的生态竞争关系(不同杂草密度对草坪草生长的影响)。 在此基础上，筛选出对草坪草安全而能有效控制上述四种杂草的化学除草剂及其最佳剂量：萌前除草剂48％氟乐灵EC(100ml／666m~2)；苗期除草剂骠马水乳剂6.9％(50ml／666m~2)，50％快杀稗WP(50g／666m~2)，综合鲜重杀草率分别可达到81％、88％、79％；应用于草坪更新除杂的灭生性除草剂20％克芜踪水剂(40—60g／666m~2)，其株数杀草率可达100％。其中，骡马对马唐，快杀稗对稗草有很高的防效，分别为92％和93％。更多还原

【Abstract】 Gramineous weeds in turf are obstinate and serious, and difficult to be controlled. An experiment of searching the occurrence law of gramineous weeds and selecting the effective herbicides was carried out with four kinds of gramineous weeds of crabgrass, barnygrass, yellow foxtailgrass and goosegrass from turf in Shenyang, 2001. The author commanded basically the biological characteristics and the occurrence law through investigations in field and laboratory and greenhouse.The biological characteristics of the four gramineous weeds include frequency (77.5%,70%,63%,14% respectively); the synthetic endanger index (35.2%); morphological features; and the occurrence law refers to the relationships between germination, dormancy, temperature and soil humidity(all weeds have dormancy trait, their bourgeon were affected by the ultimate and optimum temperature and humidity); emergence; the relationship between emergence and climate(all weeds are aestival weeds, their occurrence fastigium was from June 15 to July 1 ); phonological rhythm(weeds can all accomplish their life history ,whenever they sprout ,the earlier of sprouting, the shorter of growing period, and vice versa); and their reproduction and regrowth ability(they produce large amount of seed and own regrowing ability ). Under different densities , the competitions of weeds and turfgrass were also tested. On the bases of above studies, the herbicides and the bestdose were chosen to control the four kinds of gramineous weeds effectively and be safe to turfgrass : they are preemergence herbicides-48% Trifluralin EC at 100ml/666m2, postemergence herbicides-6.9% Puma water EC at 50ml/666m2 and 50% Quinclorac WP. At 50g/666m2 .The fresh weigh controlling ratios of weeds were 81%, 88%, 79% respectively. The control effect of non-selective herbicides (20% Quaraquat gramoxoneat at 40-60ml/666m2 )on weeds plant was 100% .The effect of Puma to crabgrass and Quinclorac to barnygrass were very satisfactory with the result of 92% and 93%.更多还原