【作者】 刘小鹏；

【导师】 骆少明；

【作者基本信息】 汕头大学 ， 现代设计方法， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 物体表面形状测量与实体几何建模密切相关，两者均在科学研究、工程实践中起着重要作用。传统的形状测量方法，所需仪器价格昂贵，测量范围及其使用条件限制较多，不能满足日益增加的测量要求。基于光照图像的形状测量法，以一般光照条件下的物体图像为基础，测量物体的三维形状，所需仪器简单，应用范围广，不仅能弥补传统方法不足，而且还能拓宽测量领域、改进现有基于光学图像的检测方法、为相关学科引进新的研究手段。 本文较为系统地研究了不同情况下的由物体图像测量表面形状，进而建立实体几何模型的方法。论文包括了以下几个部分： 1．相机的标定 介绍了相机标定的原理和一种具体的实现方法和实例； 2．边缘线提取的研究 实现了一种自适应多尺度边缘检测算法及其快速实现办法。算法通过自适应确定边缘像素的最佳滤波尺度来检测边缘，计算量较小。用于检测实际图像边缘的实验结果是令人满意的； 3．利用数码相机建立轿车数字模型的研究 在汽车设计领域，现有的素材库多为2维的数字图像，而非3D模型。本文基于计算机视觉原理，利用数码相机，设计了一套轿车车型快速数字化系统，通过对轿车仿真模型的旋转、摄像来获取车身的3D信息。文中给出了两种国产轿车的设计实例，效果令人满意。最后提出并实现了了一种空间自由曲线的重构方法。 4．提出、实现了一种便捷的复杂形体的3D曲面建模方法 首先在形体表面绘制网格曲线，由数码相机摄像，经过图像处理、网格匹配及相机标定等步骤，最终重构出表面的曲面模型。文中以人物头像为建模实例，验证了所提出的方法，初步效果令人满意。更多还原

【Abstract】 The shape measurement and geometric modeling are strongly connected, and both play an important role in science and technology. Expensive equipment and strict conditions are indispensability for a traditional method, and hamper its usage in many scopes. The measurement based on intensity images is an new way to acquire the shape of an object from its photographs and only requires simple equipment and common light conditions. It can make up for the traditional methods, improve the inspection methods based on intensity images and introduce new approaches into some subjects.In this paper, the ways how to acquire shape from image and then construct geometric models are systemically studied. The contributions of this paper are followed:1 Camera calibrationIntroduce the camera calibration theory and present one method and its example.2 Research on Edge DetectionAn adaptive multi-scale edge detection algorithm and its fast implementation are presented in this paper. The method is used in detecting edges of real images, and the result is satisfactory.3 Research on creating Cars’ 3D Models Using a Digital CameraIn automobile design, the most materials are 2D digital images, not 3D digital models. Based on computer vision principles, a new 3D digitizing system is developed in this paper using a digital camera and cars’ models can be constructed only by photography. Two examples are given, and the results are satisfied. At the end of this chapter, a new method for 3D reconstruction of free curves is introduced.4 Introduce a new method to model complex free-form shape.A new approach is put forward to settle the problem only using a pen and a digital camera. At first, a pen is used to mark curves nets on the surface of the object; then images are taken through a digital camera and conveyed to a computer. After image process, the curves nets between two adjacent images are matched, and a new formulation of cameras’ displacements and 3D positions is solved through a optimal iteration algorithm. Examples experimenting on a statue are given, and the result is satisfied更多还原