反胶束法合成纳米新型高性能二次电池正极材料及重差分相液膜实验设备的改进

【作者】 刘洪成；

【导师】 褚莹；

【作者基本信息】 东北师范大学 ， 物理化学， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 第一部分 反胶束是指表面活性剂在非水溶剂中定向排列而自发形成的一种聚集体。反胶束的“水池”是一种特殊的纳米空间，其大小可控制在10～100（?）之间，以此作为微反应器，可以制备纳米粒子。反胶束制备的纳米粒子具有生成的粒子粒径小（可制得粒径在100nm以下的粒子），而且粒径大小可控、粒子粒径分布窄、能耗低、易于实现连续化生产等优点，具有广阔的应用前景。 新型高性能二次电池由于其高比能量、无污染而受到科技界和产业界的重视。金属氢化物镍电池和锂离子电池是20世纪90年代初刚刚问世便取得异常迅猛发展的新型二次电池体系。由于它们不含有毒物质，又被称为绿色电池。这两种二次电池的代表性正极材料分别是Ni（OH）₂和LiCoO₂及LiMn₂O₄。电池的性质与电池的两极材料性质密切相关，因此利用反胶束法制备纳米级的正极材料，可以最大限度地保证材料电学性质均匀、稳定、节省能源、降低材料成本，制成小体积、高性能的新型高性能二次电池。 本文分别用AOT/异辛烷/水反胶束体系和Trion X-100/正辛醇/环己烷/水反胶束体系合成Ni（OH）₂和LiCoO₂及LiMn₂O₄纳米粒子。通过透射电子显微镜观测到两种体系合成出的粒子粒径在5nm左右，且粒子呈单分散，粒径分布均匀。 利用Trion X-100/正辛醇/环己烷/水反胶束体系制备出三种物质的粉体，扫描电子显微镜照片显示粒子的粒径在20nm左右，分布均匀；此外还利用UV-Vis、原子吸收光谱等测试手段，都表明合成出了三种正极材料的纳米粒子。更多还原

【Abstract】 Part oneReverse micelle is an aggregation formed by surfactant spontaneously arraying in non-aqueous solvent. The "water pool" in reverse micelle is a special nano-space whose size can be controlled hi froml to 100 nanometer. Nano-particles can be obtained by using water pool as microreactor. The particles whose size can be controlled and whose dispersion is uniform as well as narrow (The diameter of the particles can be controlled under 10 nm) can be obtained by reverse micelle method. The excellence of this method of reverse micelle is low energy-consumed, produces easily and has a very bright future.As result of high power and has no pollution, high-powered new pattern battery is attached importance to by the field of science and technology and industry field. The metal hydride battery and lithium ion battery appear from the end of 20 century but develop rapidly. Because of no poisonous materials, the battery is called as green battery, too. Representative anode materials of this two kind of batteries are Ni(OH)2, LiCoCh and LiMniO^ The character of battery has something to do with the quality of electrode materials closely. Because the anode nano-materials made by the method of reverse micelle can ensure the electricity character to be uniform, steady, saving energy and reduce the cost of materials, small high-powered new pattern battery can be made.hi this paper, I synthesize nanoparticles of Ni(OH)2, LiCoOa and LiMn2O4 hi the system of AOT/iso-Octane /water and Trion X-100/Caprylic alcohol/Cyclohexane/water. The TEM photos show that the diameters of the particles are about 5 nm. The size of the particles disperses uniform as well as narrow (obtained by reverse micelle method in the system of AOT/iso-Octane /water and Trion X-100/Caprylic alcohol/Cyclohexane/water). We can see from the photos of the SEM that the diameters of the powers of this tree land of materials obtained by the system of Trion X-100/Caprylic alcohol/ Cyclohexane /water are about 20 nm. By means of UV - Vis, atomic absorption spectrometry and so on,nanoparticles of this three kind of anode materials are synthesized.更多还原