胶澳开埠与青岛城市的早期现代化（1898—1914）

【作者】 李万荣；

【导师】 曲晓范；

【作者基本信息】 东北师范大学 ， 中国近现代史， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 城市是人类社会的生产力发展到一定阶段的产物，是社会进步的标志。就近代中国而言，城市又是社会和经济现代化的策源地。19世纪末20世纪初，青岛作为殖民城市在外力的推进作用下迅速崛起，并经历了早期的不成熟的现代化。此间，为了实现在东亚建立商业根据地的目的，德国针对青岛天然的区位优势，设立胶海关，实行自由地区制度，并以港口、铁路等基础设施为依托，积极发展对外贸易，使青岛在十几年内由一个蕞尔渔村一跃成为中国北方影响深远的国际性商埠。出于经济发展和军事统治的需要，德国殖民当局建立了以胶澳总督为首的相对独立的城市行政机构，引入近代交通、通讯，规划城市建设，改良公用事业，兴建西式建筑，从而扩大了城市的职能和容量。城市集聚效应吸引了大量异质人口向青岛迁徙，拉动了城市的人口结构和社会文化生活向现代变迁，因而青岛成为中国早期现代化的先行地带，这不仅为二三十年代青岛城市的进一步发展奠定了经济和社会基础，而且对山东乃至华北区域的现代化进程产生了深远影响。 本文拟以德租时期(1898—1914)青岛缄市早期现代化的表征为线索，客观评述外力条件下青岛开埠的进步作用及向现代城市嬗变过程中的积极因素，剖析19世纪末20世纪初青岛城市的发展动力及经验教训，以期为当今城市的现代化建设提供可供借鉴的历史参照。更多还原

【Abstract】 Cities are the outcome of the social productivity which has developed to a certain stage and the sign of social progression. As far as the modern China is concerned, cities are at the same time the origin of social and economic modernization. Between the end of 19th century and the beginning of 20th century, Tsingtao, a then colonial city, developed quickly as a response to the outside impact and experienced the early immature stage of modernization. During the period mentioned above, in order to found a commercial base in East Asia, Germany took advantage of Tsingtao’s natural location, established China maritime Customs in JiaoZhou, put into effect the traiff-free zone and exploited actively the foreign trade on the public goods such as ports, railroad and so on. These measures transformed a small finishing village into an international commercial city having a deep influence on North china. To meet the needs of the economic development and military control, the colonial bureau of Germany formed a relatively independent municipal system headed by Jiao-ao governor-general. This administrator brought into Tsingtao the modern transportation, communications, city planing, public service improvement and the erection of western-styled buildings, which consequently enlarged the city’s functions and capacity. The assemble effect of cities attracted masses of heterogeneous people to migrate to Tsingtao and thus helped motivate the modernizing transformation of the city’s population structure and social cultural life. As a result, Tsingtao become the pioneer region China’s early modernization, which not only laid economic and social foundation for Tsingtao’s further development in the 1920’s and 1930’s, but also influenced deeply the modernization of Shantung and even North China.This thesis aims to describe the symptoms of Tsingtao’s early modernization from 1898 to 1914(the period of leased by German ),criticize objectively the progressive effect of its open-door policy under the outside pressure and the positive factors during the period of modernizing evolution, and analyse its developing dynamics and historical lessons during the end of 19 century and the beginning of the 20th century to offer a historical reference for today’s city modernization.更多还原