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供体骨髓输注诱导移植耐受和嵌合状态的实验研究

Study of donor specific bone marrow transfusion inducing allograft tolerance and chimerism

【作者】 郭磊

【导师】 郑树森;

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 , 外科学, 2002, 硕士

【摘要】 背景与目的 器官移植已成为许多实质性器官终末期疾病唯一有效的治疗方法。移植的目的是希望移植物长期存活,随着手术技巧、免疫抑制剂、供受体的选择及术后护理方面的发展,器官移植的存活率已明显提高。但是器官移植也面临着许多挑战:感染、移植物血供不良、器官的缺血-再灌注损伤及排斥反应等。其中如何预防和减轻排斥反应的发生是一个主要难点。 随着免疫抑制剂的研究进展目前同种异基因移植器官的生存期得到了显著的延长,但还是无法克服所有急慢性排斥反应,免疫抑制剂还存在一定副作用。因此人们一直在寻找一种能在不依赖免疫抑制剂下获得机体对移植物长期耐受的方法。 早在1992年,Starzl等人即发现在存活30年以上的同种异体肾移植和肝移植病人体内血液,皮肤,淋巴结等处有微量的供体白细胞存在,提出了移植后供受体细胞之间存在互相迁移而形成微嵌和状态。嵌合体即接受移植后的受体体内移植物外供体细胞的存在,微嵌和体指供体器官外少量(<1%)供体细胞的持续存在,他认为这可能是机体移植免疫耐受诱导和维持的机制之一。此理论的提出至今已有十年,但一直受到争议。因为有稳定微嵌合体病人的急性排斥和没有微嵌合体病人的长期生存同样是常见的。微嵌合体也并非是可以停用免疫抑制剂的指征。在移植物去除后微嵌合体的消失显示微嵌合体是由移植物细胞的不断释放形成的。因此人们认为微嵌合只是长期移植物存活的结果而并非原因。 浙江大学医学院颀士研究生论文 在动物实验中,进展要乐观一些,尤其在啮齿动物模型中,人们发现耐受的 诱导和嵌合体有密切的联系 l‘1。嵌合体细胞可由造血干细胞,树突状细胞(DC), B细胞等组成,骨髓细胞中含有大量的该类细胞,因此人们常用输注供体特异性 骨髓(DSBM)的方法来促进嵌合体的形成。此种动物模型往往需对受者进行亚 至死量射线照射来对受者部分免疫清除后再植入供体骨髓,但这种方法因其对病 人潜在危险性而难以在临床上应用,因此人们一直在探讨无需照射的耐受诱导模 型。 本课题即在近交系C57BL/6小鼠到BALB儿小鼠的心脏移植模型中,不接受 Y 射线照射破坏受者免疫系统,而以术前环抱菌素A短暂使用和多次大剂量的 DSBM输注,来探讨能否诱导嵌合体和移植耐受,DSBM输注与嵌合体,移植免 疫耐受的关系。 方 法 1 建立主要组织相容性抗原(MHC)完全不合的两种近交系小鼠[供鼠:C57BL/6 (H上h;受鼠:BALB儿(H之1]同种异基因心脏腹部异位移植和骨髓移植 动物模型。 2 分组:A组移植前一周腹腔注射 CsAlmg从g,并输注供体骨髓细胞 lxlo\ 隔天1次,共输注4次:B组移植前一周注射*sA liny蛇并输注供体骨髓细 胞 IXIO’,C组为对照组,不输注骨髓;D组移植第三方 KM ,J’鼠心脏,其余 同A组;E组为BALBC到BALB儿小鼠的同基因移植。 3 观察指标:移植后每天触摸供心跳动情况,分别于7天,15天,30天后抽取 A,B,C,D各组 6只小鼠外周血以聚合酶链反应(polymerase chain reaction, PCR)检测嵌合体,30天后再处死小鼠,检测胸腺,脾脏等处的嵌合体。7 天时A,B人刀各组分别取3只行混合淋巴细胞反应(MLR)。另外取3只移 3 浙江大学医学院硕士研究生论文 植后6天的A组和C组小鼠行移植物的病理切片检查。 co !小鼠移植心赃的存活情况:大剂量多次DSBM $注能有效延长移植物的存活 时间(A组与 B,Cp组比较 P值均 <0.of),最长达 20天,平均为!6.5天; 低剂量供体骨滔轮注组移植物存活平均为8.2天,与C,D组比较没有统计学 差异:而移植第三方小鼠心脏的存活时间也没有得到延长,平均为7、5天; 对照组平均存活时间为7.2天。 2 嵌合体检测结果:A组的 15天组均扩增出特异性的目的片段,30天组一 半可扩邀出目的片段。其余各组均没有扩增出目的片段。 3 混合淋巴细胞反应(MLR)结果:A组MLR的刺激指数(SI)较其他各组有 显著下阵(P<o.01),其余各组间无明显差异。 4 移植物病理切片显示A组小鼠的排斥程度较C组为轻。 s& l 在近交系C57BL16小鼠到BALBIC小鼠的心脏移植模型中,?

【Abstract】 Background:Organ transplantation has been the unique effective remedy of many solid organ failure now. Everlasting survival of graft is the ultimate goal of clinical organ transplantation. With the development of operation technique, immunosupressor , choose of donor and receptor and nursing after operation etc, the survival time of graft has been prolonged remarkably. But challenge also exist, such as rejection, ischemia-reperfusion injury and infection etc. Above all, rejection is most important for us to conquer. Although the development of immunosupressors bring prominent prolong of graft survival time, they can’t prevent all acute and chronic rejection and the side effects hamper their use. So, a well-toleranted, nontoxic, easily applied regimen for the induction of donor-specific tolerance remains the ultimate goal of clinical organ transplantation.In 1992, Starzl reported that there are few donor white cells in the blood, skin, lymph node etc.of live or renal transplantation patients who survived longer then 30ys. He called this microchimerism which was formed by migration of donor and receptor cells after transplantation. Chimerism refers to persistence of donor cells at sites distant from the graft, microchimerism levels of donor cells are very low(<l%).Starl believed this might be one of the mechanisms induce and maintain the immune tolerance of receptor. But the theory is still controversial till now. Because acute rejection occurs with stable microchimerism; long-term survival without microchimerism is common, and microchimerism is not an indication for immunosuppression withdrawal. Disapperance of microchimerism after graft removel suggests microchimerism reflects a constant release of cells from the graft. These data suggest microchimerism is a result not a cause of long-term graft survival.In the animal experiments, especially in rodent models there is a strong association of tolerance induction with macrochimerism. Loss of macrochimerism usually results in loss of tolerance. Chimerism can be constitute by hematopoietic cells, DC and B cells etc, there are abundant these cells in bone marrow, so donor specific bone marrow (DSBM) infusion can promote formation of chimerism.In this experiment, we use the heart transplantation model of inbred C57BL/6 mice to BALB/C mice. Preoperation high dose of DSBM infusion facilitated by short term use of Cyclosporin A . Without irradiation to immune ablation. To discuss if tolerance can be induced, the relation of DSBM, chimerism and transplantation tolerance. Methods:1. Build the heart and bone marrow transplantation model of two inbred mice whose MHC mismatch completely[donor: C57BL/6 (H-2b) .receptor: BALB/C(H-2d) ]2. Group A: Injection CsAlmg/kg one week before transplantation and infusion DSBMlxlO8, totally 4 times; Group B: Injection CsAlmg/kg one week before transplantation and infusion DSBMlxlO7, Group C: No DSBM infusion; GroupD: Transplant third-party mice heart; Group E: Homogenic transplantation BALB/C to BALB/C.3. Palpate the beat of graft heart every day after transplantation, collect blood of 6 mice each group in the day of 7,15,30 after transplantation to detect chimerism by PCR, and detect the chimerism in thymus and spleen in day 30. In day 7, take 3 mice of each group to take MLR. In day 6, collect grafts of 3 mice of group A and C to take pathological analyze.Results:1. Survival of graft: High dose DSBM can effectively prolong the survival time of grafts(Group A compare with others P<0.01), maximal 20 days, mean 16.5 days; low dose DSBM group’s mean survival time is 8.2 days, no significant distinct when compare with group C,D; and the group transplant third-party graft also have no significant prolong of graft.2. Detection of chimerism: Group A can all be detected chimerism in day 15, and half be detected in day 30. No chimerism is detected in other groups.3. Results of MLR: The SI of group A significant drop compare with other groups(P<0.01), no significant distinct betw

  • 【网络出版投稿人】 浙江大学
  • 【网络出版年期】2002年 02期
  • 【分类号】R617
  • 【下载频次】98
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