【作者】 王燕；

【导师】 武波；

【作者基本信息】 外交学院 ， 英语语言文学， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 由于学习日语以及在日本公司三年的工作经历，使我对日语中的一些语言现象和特点产生了浓厚的兴趣。在这篇论文中，我通过介绍日语中的典型语言现象来阐述语言和社会的内在关系。本文认为社会架构将影响甚至决定语言的表现形式。 本文第一章描述了日语和日本社会的关系，介绍了语言是社会行为最为重要的表现形式之一这一概念。阐述了日语中的一些典型特点，如敬语、男女用语差异等，以及它们同日本社会崇尚的礼仪和权力这两大社会特征之间的联系。 第二章讲的是日语中的礼仪现象。礼仪在社会语言学中是一个很重要而且非常普遍的话题。然而，日语一直以来都被认为在表达礼仪方面是最为复杂的。通过一个研究课题，作者介绍了日本人在表达礼貌和感谢时男女有别、老少有别的特点。如在授受礼物时、给别人添麻烦时、抑或只是为了给别人留些面子的时候，均有不同的表现。这充分体现了语言现象的背后更为深层的社会背景。 第三章讲述的是日语中最为有趣的一个现象，即男女用语的差异。作者先介绍了社会语言学家对性别语言差异的看法，强调了日语中性别是一个最为明显的分水岭。并举例说明了男女用词、句法构成的不同，如“你”、“我”等的不同表述， 日本女性说话时的升调方式，以及句子结尾语的不同等。 性别用语的差异是日本社会的一面镜子。在相当长的时间里， 日本人习惯于男耕女织的生活方式。女性一直以来都被认为是社会中的弱势。不同的社会地位造成了语言的差异。 第四章，“团体与个人”阐述了日语中的又一独特面及其社会回素。日本人往往波定性为集体至上备 然而事事又讲个人交情。在这章里，日本社会的集体模式和个体人际关系的矛盾在日语中的体现。 第五章，描述了日语如何同社会一起演变一起发展的前景。日本社会正经历着前所未有的变革，它将不断地向外界开放。变化是大势所趋，社会发展到什么程度，语言就啊应发展到什么程度。日语随着日本社会的变革不断地加入了许多新的用语和表达方式。当然，希望它在变化和发展中能够继续保持其原有的特征。更多还原

【Abstract】 Having been studying Japanese and working in a Japanese company for three years, I am very interested in its language features which are largely associated with its social structure and cultural background. In this thesis, it is explored that the relationship between language and society by investigating some striking characteristics of the Japanese language, and concluded that social structure may either influence or determine linguistic behavior and patterns of use.Chapter One describes the relationship between Japanese language and society, and introduces the concept that language is one of the most powerful symbols of social behavior. This chapter also describes that some remarkable characteristics in Japanese language like honorifics, man and woman talking differently, etc., are related to the social features, such as power and politeness.Chapter Two talks about politeness in the Japanese language. Politeness is an important but general topic in sociolinguistics study, however, the Japanese language is always regarded to have the most complicated expression of showing politeness. By providing a case study, the author gives details about how Japanese varied from man to woman, old to young, express politeness and gratitude in different occasions such as when receiving gift, when recognizing other person’s inconvenience, or even just saving people’s face, etc. Readers will not only have a picture of how Japanese are being polite, but more importantly, what is its social background underneath.Chapter Three deals with a most interesting topic in the Japanese language, the gender difference. The author first explains that gender difference as a phenomenon exists in every language, and introduces some views and opinions from sociolinguists. Then emphasizes that gender is one of the biggest dividing lines in the Japanese language by giving examples of how different men and women apply wording and grammar structure, such as different expression of "You" and "I", rising intonation exclusively used by Japanese women, and different way of using sentence ending particles, etc.Gender difference is a mirror of Japanese society. For a long period, Japanese has been accustomed to the life style of man working and woman staying at home. Female is regarded as powerless and weak in the society. Different social position brings about the language distinction.Chapter Four summarizes another notable characteristic of Japanese society and how it is manifested in the language. Japanese has frequently been characterized in terms of groupism and contextualism. The former claims that Japan is overwhelmingly group-oriented, and the latter contends that the notion of Japanese self is relative and interpersonal, not a fixed reference point residing within each individual. In this chapter, it is demonstrated that the prevailing group model of Japanese society is inconsistent with the notion of self as encoded in the Japanese language.Chapter Five displays a picture of how Japanese language will evolve with the social development. It is described in this chapter that Japanese society is undergoing significant changes and more open to the outside world. Nowadays, the men has become more effeminate (commercials on television for beauty salons for men, fashion magazines for men, makeup for men) and women stronger and more powerful. The language mirrors this shifting power balance. It is concluded that change is a fact and we will begin to see with the society transmissions, Japanese is evolving into a new amalgamation of many languages or means of expression, while hopefully it can still maintain the good aspects of its own linguistic diversity.更多还原