跨国公司及中美关系中的跨国公司因素

【作者】 李中州；

【导师】 曲星；

【作者基本信息】 外交学院 ， 国际关系学， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 冷战后经济因素在国际关系中地位的上升使得跨国公司在国际关系中扮演了越来越重要的角色。而跨国公司的双重性，即工具性和独立性决定了一方面跨国公司是霸权政策的工具，对国家主权构成挑战；另一方面，跨国公司为了最大化自己的利益，会通过参与国内的政治进程来影响或改变霸权国的内外政策。 这种双重性对于中国外交，特别是中美关系来说是非常有意义的。通过对中国外交中有关美国跨国公司的三个案例的初步研究，我们可以发现，美国跨国公司并非只是美国外交政策的执行者，也是一个独立的行为体。美国跨国公司往往利用其国内的政治体制，特别是势力强大的利益集团来寻求与美国外交政策的妥协，有时甚至摆脱美国的反华政策的束缚。美国跨国公司与美国政府间存在中国外交可以利用的博弈关系。这种博弈关系表明：跨国公司有可能成为维护中美关系的中坚力量。而这也应是中国外交努力的方向。 二十年多来，特别是冷战结束以后，中国外交在利用美国跨国公司方面已积累了一定的经验。但从全球政治经济发展的潮流和中美两国的长远发展来看，中国外交在利用美国跨国公司方面仍缺乏必要的认识和一套制度化的机制。只有做好这两点才能充分利用跨国公司来为中国外交服务。更多还原

【Abstract】 The rise of economic factor in international relations (IR) in the post-cold war era renders Transnational Corporations (TNCs) an increasingly important role in IR. And the duality of TNCs, that is the combination of tool and independence, decides that on one hand, TNCs serve the interests of hegemon and pose a threat to the sovereignty of nation state; on the other, for the purpose of maximization of its profits, TNCs engage in various political process and do exert a significant influence on the decision-making of foreign policy of hegemon.Apparently, China’s diplomacy can benefit from this duality. Through three case studies concerning TNCs in Sino-American relations, it can be concluded that TNCs are not only the tools of America’s China policy, but also an indispensable and independent decision-maker of America’s China’s policy. By virtue of America’s domestic political system, the Group of Interests to be exact, TNCs play games with U.S government. In some cases, TNCs try to compromise with U.S government; while in others, TNCs pursues an objective that is totally opposite to the ends of America’s China policy. This gaming relation indicates that TNCs can be the major source of power to maintain and promote Sino-American relations in the 21st century.After the accumulation of more than two decades, especially after the end of cold war, China has gained some experience in regard with the application of TNCs to diplomatic practice. Nevertheless, China diplomacy still lacks a systematic mechanism to take advantage of TNCs. In accordance with the development of globalization and Sino-American relations in the new century, adequate importance should be attached to the role of TNCs in Sino-American relations. What’s more, a complete system is the other necessity for China’s diplomacy to deal with TNCs in the long run.更多还原