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品牌产品进入国际市场的营销沟通策略研究

【作者】 周晓敏;

【导师】 傅慧芬;

【作者基本信息】 对外经济贸易大学 , 企业管理, 2002, 硕士

【摘要】 内容提要随着国内市场开放程度的提高,实施国际化经营成为我国加入WTO后企业面临的最紧迫的任务之一。围绕中国企业的国际化问题,理论界展开了一系列的讨论与研究,但较多关注的是跨国经营的战略层面,对具体的营销沟通策略还鲜有涉及。那么,考虑到中国企业目前的实力,它们有无必要建立国际品牌?它们如何才能利用有限的资源,设计和实施有效的营销沟通策略,从而达到建立世界级品牌的目的?这些正是本文开头部分提出的问题。带着这些问题,笔者仔细研读了国际营销学学者的一些著名理论,包括全球营销阶段、标准化与地方化、以及整合营销沟通等理论。笔者发现,发达国家的营销理论与实践确实能够为中国企业的国际化道路指明方向。其中国际营销阶段理论提出了进入国际市场的五种方式,大多数企业都能找到适合自己的营销阶段。莱维特教授认为企业有必要执行全球统一的标准化策略。但实际上,完全的标准化是行不通的,我们还需要考虑到文化的差异。于是,有人提出了“思考全球化,行动地方化”的全球地方化观点。舒尔茨教授针对单个营销沟通方式各有所长的情况,首先提出了整合营销沟通(IMC)理论,就是通过综合运用各种营销沟通方式,在目标消费者心中树立起长期的良好的品牌形象。但是,西方的理论和实践并不完全适用于现阶段我国企业的实际情况,尤其是不能为我们提供明确的策略性的指导。因此,在本文随后部分,笔者提出了四点初步假设,并通过大量的实例分析与理论论证,形成了自己的结论。第一,中国企业有必要也有可能以自己的品牌打入国际市场。文章首先指出,目前流行的贴牌生产经常被俗称为OEM。而实际上,二者存在着实质性的差别。OEM主要是针对中间产品和配套产品,因为产品难以单独销售,只好与最终产品一起销给消费者。而贴牌生产主要是针对消费产品,它们是能够单独出售的,只是因为产品没有名气,需要贴上有名的品牌才易于销售。笔者认为,考虑到中国企业现有的实力,采取贴牌生产的方式仍有一定的合理性,比如中国企业具有低成本优势却不知名,而贴上知名的国际品牌就便于产品销往国外市场等。但是国际市场的竞争归根结底是品牌的竞争,如果中国企业的产品总是这样隐姓埋名,就很难树立起自己持久的竞争优势。因此它们不应仅满足于贴牌生产,必须设法建树起国际品牌。与此同时,笔者也指出了中国企业建树国际品牌的一些困难,如缺乏经验与实力,观念保守,害怕承担风险,品牌名称难以国际化等。中国企业应该充分认识到这些问题,才能走出跨国营销沟<WP=5>通的第一步。第二,品牌建树初期的有效方法是传递一个独特鲜明的产品概念。由于品牌建树是一项长期而浩大的工程,企业不可能在进入某个市场之初就使自己的品牌形象深入人心。因此,企业需要提出一个鲜明而独特的产品概念作为切入点,来吸引目标市场的注意力。产品概念就是概括了产品独特功能或效用的短语或句子。它往往以醒目的方式出现在广告中,表现为广告的主题。本文通过分析强生在中国市场对产品概念的实际操作,我们可以发现,在设计产品概念时应该考虑以下几点因素:产品生命周期、产品属性与产品利益、目标市场以及产品概念的标准化与地方化的问题。第三,产品概念和品牌建树有赖于对营销沟通手段的有效整合。因为产品概念在整个营销沟通战役中并不是孤立存在的,所以营销人员有必要采用整合营销沟通(IMC)的策略,让各种沟通工具和媒体取长补短,以达到向目标消费者传递一个鲜明的产品概念的目的。在本文中,笔者试图通过分析伊莱克斯在中国市场的整合营销沟通策略,找出中国企业与跨国公司的差距,以及中国企业面临的实际困难,并根据中国企业的切实情况提出了综合应用下列沟通方式的建议:1)开展质量认证;2)参加各种国际展会;3)运用新闻报道与事件营销;4)充分利用网络广告。第四,有效地整合还需要注意文化差异并尊重当地文化。所有的企业在开展跨国经营时都需要注意文化差异,中国企业也不例外。在文章的最后部分,笔者根据中国企业在国外采用的营销沟通策略,分析了不同文化对传统沟通手段如广告、营业推广的影响,并着重指出中国企业参加国际展会应注意的问题,以及中国企业利用网络宣传时与国外企业的差距以及发展方向,希望能对中国企业建树自己的国际品牌提供一点有益的启示。由于水平和经验有限,加之所需资料不足,本文的研究还不够深入,缺乏足够的说服力。恳请各位老师和同学不吝赐教,在此一并表示衷心的感谢。

【Abstract】 ABSTRACTAs the open-up of the domestic market goes into deeper, international operating is becoming one of the most emergent tasks faced by enterprises after China’s entering into WTO. Many scholars have made many discuss and research. However, they put their emphasis more on tactics of international operation while not on concrete strategies of marketing communication. Is it necessary for Chinese enterprises to create international brand by their existing capability? How can they use the limited resources to design efficient marketing communication strategies in order to set up a word-wide brand? These are questions the paper will discuss further.With the above questions, the author has read a lot of books and theories by international marketing scholars, including theories on the stags of global marketing, standardization and localization, and integrated marketing communication. The theories and practices of developed countries did point out a way for Chinese corporations. Unfortunately, not all west theories and experiences are suitable for today’s Chines enterprises, either can they provide specific advice about strategies. As a result, the paper raises four hypotheses and educes conclusions through plenty of case analysis and theoretic demonstration.First, it is necessary for Chinese corporations to enter into international market with their own brand. At the beginning of this part, the paper distinguishes entrusted manufacture from original equipment manufacture (OEM). The author considers that even if the entrusted manufacture has some advantages, it is necessary for domestic corporations to establish international brand to keep up a long-time competing advantage. Moreover, we should know more about existing problems such as lacking of experience and money, fearing of taking adventures, and so on.Second, an efficient beginning to communicate with foreign consumers is to show them a unique product concept. It is impossible for corporations to make everybody know about their brand image in short time. Therefore, a particular and clear product concept is a good way to attract consumers. The product concept is detailed version of the idea stated in meaningful consumer terms. Several factors influence product concept, such as the product’s life cycle, the product’s attributes and benefit, the target market and standardization and localization of the product concept.Third, Product concept and brand establishing depend on workable integration of marketing communication tools. It is necessary for marketers to take IMC strategy to make communication tools work together in high efficient so that they can transfer a clear product concept to target market. There are four ways suitable for Chinese corporations, including quality attestation, international expositions, event marketing, and Internet advertising. Fourth, we should know about difference of cultures and respect them when we use IMC strategies in foreign markets. The paper puts focus on the cross-culture problems Chinese corporations may meet in international expositions, and Internet advertising, in order to help Chinese corporations to set up their own international brand.

  • 【分类号】F713.5
  • 【被引频次】3
  • 【下载频次】1380
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