【作者】 张将星；

【导师】 丁昭福；

【作者基本信息】 贵州师范大学 ， 基础心理学， 2001， 硕士

【摘要】 创新是一个民族的灵魂，创新的培养在当代倍受重视。尽管对于创新一词的概念该如何定义迄今为止尚有争议，但创新却随着科技的飞速发展而受到各国政府越来越多的重视。江泽民总书记提出了创新策略，要求在全民族中树立一个创新意识。但人们对创新者的界定、对创新性质的界定以及对培养创新的途径的界定等问题上存在误识。人们普遍认为创新的性质是好的，创新是青少年的专利，培养创新是学校的专职。事实上，创新是有好坏之分的，人人都能创新，创新能力的形成不仅仅受狭义的学校教育制约，它同时还极大地受制于社会心理因素的影响。但纵观国内外有关创新问题的研究，都没有对制约创新能力形成的社会心理因素进行系统分析。因此，本文针对这一空白进行研究，并对分析结果提出建议性对策。社会心量诸因素对创新能力的制约是多维的、立体的，各因素之间也是交互盘结的。从大体上可将他们归为四类：政治心理因素、文化心理因素、经济心理因素和伦理心理因素。这四类社会心理对社会创新的发展有正面作用，但也有负面作用。唯上和唯人的政治心理、去个性化的大一统伦理文化、急功近利的短视经济心理以及无我的伦理观对创新能力的制约作用是我们排行创新策略时必须加以注意的。通过对这四类因素的分析，本文提出必须走有中国特色的创新之路。为此，本文提出四点建议：第一要引导民主精神的展开，让人们了解真正的民主并正确地运用它为创新服务。第二，倡导全社会坚守底线伦理，为创新行为提供一个坚实的精神屏障。第三，号召全民族树立崇高而远大的民族理想，为创新能力的激发提供一个不竭的动力之源。第四，采用经济手段，留住创新型人才。更多还原

【Abstract】 Creativity is the soul of a nation, moreover, the development of creativity is being attached much importance to at present. Although it is controversial how to define it till now, each government in the world is laying more and more emphasis on it with the fast development of the technology. Chairman Jiang Zetnin proposed the creativity strategy which demanded the whole nation to establish the creative consciousness. But there are misunderstandings in these definitions of the creator, the tiatLlre of creativity and the means to develop creativity. It was generally thought that creativity’s nature was good, it was the patent of the.youth and the development of it is the sole duty of schooling. As a matter of fact, there are good or bad creativity, everyone has creativity and the formation of the creativity is not only restrained by schooling in narrow sense but influenced by social psychological factors. As far as my reading is concerned, there hasn’t been any systematic analysis about the social psychological factors that limit the formation of creativity. Therefore, this paper intends to analyze this gap and propose countermeasures to the result of the analysis so as to help carry out the creativity strategy of our c~overnment effectively. These factors featured three-dimension and intersection can be classified into four categories on the whole: politicalpsychological factor, cultural psychological factor, economic psychological factor and ethicalpsychological factor. We must pay attention to the restrain factors: the political psychology of the unique authorities and individuals, the ethical culture of the sheer unification ~vithout personahization, the shortsighted economic psychology with eagerness for quick success and instant benefit and the selfless ethics during the promotion of the creativity strategy. This paper states to go the creative way with Chinese distinct features. Therefore, this paper puts forward four suggestions:1)It makes people have understanding of a real democracy and use it to benefit the creativity to lead arid spread democratic spirits. 2) We must advocate and lead the whole society to stick to the bottom-line ethics in order to provide a strong spiritual shelter for creative behaviour. 3) We must call for the ~vliole nation to establish a noble and long-range national ideal in order to provide an endless source of driving force. 4) We must keep and encourage the creative talents by means of economy.更多还原