【作者】 鞠晓峰；

【导师】 杨茁萌；

【作者基本信息】 新疆农业大学 ， 草业科学， 2001， 硕士

【摘要】 鲁梅克斯K-1杂交酸模是以巴天酸模(Rumex patientia L.)为母本，天山酸模(R.tianschanicus A.LDS)为父本通过远缘杂交,长期选育而来的新型高蛋白饲料品种。具有高产、优质、适应广泛的特点，已在全国大面积推广。远缘杂交后代品种特征特性在世代间的遗传是否稳定，世代间的变异是否影响其品质、产量，是远缘杂交育成品种推广种植所面临的一大难题。解决问题的关键是建立科学的良种繁育体系，提纯复壮。因此，该品种的遗传稳定性、授粉繁殖方式和细胞学的研究十分重要，它对该品种良种繁育体系的建立、种子生产和推广有着重要的理论和现实意义。研究对鲁梅克斯k-1杂交酸模形态学和农艺学性状的遗传稳定性、种子储藏蛋白遗传稳定性、同工酶遗传稳定性、染色体数目分析、开花授粉习性以及叶片解剖结构显微观察、浓缩单宁的含量等方面进行了探讨。主要结果如下：1. 对鲁梅克斯K-1杂交酸模原原种、原种和合格种三个连续世代的形态学和农艺学性状，包括叶长、叶宽、叶柄长、长宽比、生育期、干草率、产量、再生速度、粗蛋白含量、水分含量10个性状进行方差分析，结果表明，三个连续世代间变异不显著，遗传稳定。苗期(6叶期)叶片长宽比与再生速度呈正相关，相关性显著。2. 利用SDS-PAGE法及PAGE法，对种子储藏蛋白、同工酶电泳谱带进行观察，鲁梅克斯K-1杂交酸模在三个世代间电泳图谱无差异，世代间遗传稳定。3.鲁梅克斯K-1杂交酸模染色体为2n-2=58，天山酸模为2n=20，巴天酸模为2n=60。鲁梅克斯K-1杂交酸模的染色体形态小，部分染色体为粒状，着丝点缢痕不明显。4. 利用去雄、套袋、人工授粉方法对鲁梅克斯K-1杂交酸模传粉习性的研究结果表明，鲁梅克斯K-1杂交酸模自花授粉、异<WP=6>花授粉都能正常结实。异花授粉最佳时间为花开放后1-6小时。花粉量大，风媒传粉，昆虫访问稀少。因此，在良种繁育中要注意空间隔离。 5. 叶片横剖面显微观察结果表明：鲁梅克斯k-1杂交酸模叶片由上表皮、栅栏组织、海绵组织、下表皮组成，维管束分布其间。叶中脉有数条维管束和薄壁组织细胞,具有较发达的通气和贮气的功能，证明了鲁梅克斯K-1杂交酸模耐涝性的机理。6. 叶片经番红-固绿对染，未发现含浓缩单宁细胞的存在。用盐酸—香草醛法检验叶片和叶柄，也未检测到浓缩单宁，证明叶片中不含有浓缩单宁。而在花萼和新鲜的种皮中检测到浓缩单宁。因此，由于浓缩单宁而影响鲁梅克斯K-1杂交酸模鲜体适口性的观点缺少证据。7. 从细胞学上可以看出，鲁梅克斯K-1杂交酸模的染色体来源还不确定，在良种繁育过程中要十分注意良种繁育体系的建立和繁育技术，否则，会造成品种性状分离和退化。同时，也进一步证明中食产业集团鲁梅克斯有限公司所采用的三级良种繁育体系是科学合理的。更多还原

【Abstract】 Rumex k-1( Rumex patientia ×R.tianschanicus , cv. Rumex K-1 )is a new high-protein forage variety by distant hybridization of Rumex patientia ×R.tianschanicus .It has the features of high production and good quality and wide adaptability so that Rumex K-1 has been introduced to all over the country，but there are several existing problems such as weather variety traits are stability and the variance change yield and quality . The key to these problems is to establish the scientific seed production system .Thereby, it is very important to do the research of the variety genetic stability ,the manner of pollination and reproduction , cytology , which will have important theoretical and practical significances to establish seed production system , seed production and extension . The results of the experiment are as follows: 1. The genetic stability analysis has shown the agronomy traits, such as leaf length, width and length/width ratio, growing stage, hay ratio,yield, regrowth speed, contents of crude protein and water, were stable in three continuous generations. Moreover the statistical one-factor square variance and F-test displayed that there were no significant differences among the three continued generations in these agronomy traits. Leaf length/width ratio was strong positively related with regrowth speed. 2. Through the analyzing of seed storage protein and enzyme by using SDS-PAGE AND PAGE , the results showed that the three continued generations of rumex k-1 have the same stroage protein and POD pattern. There is no variance in those traits , which means it has genetic stability. 3. Chromosome numbers were counted in cells of root tips of rumex k-1, Rumex patientia L., R.tianschanicus A.LDS. The result showed that the chromosomes of Rumex k-1 , R.tianschanicus L.ads and Rumex patientia L. were 2n-2=58,2n=20 and 2n=60. The size of the chromosomes of Rumex K-1 is small. Some are the dot chromosomes. The centromere is not distinct. It is necessary to study its multiply and base. <WP=8> 4. Rumex k-1’s pollination habit is researched by castrating and covering with sack and manual pollination. The result showed that rumex k-1 can produce seed normally by either self pollination or cross pollination . The best time of cross pollination is 1-6 hour after blooming. The quantity of pollen is larger.The pollens are spreaded by wind, not by insect .Thereby , it should be paid more attention to isolation of seed production . 5. By observing the leaf horizontal microcosmic sections, the results showed that the leaf structure was consist of upside epidermis ,fence tissue ,sponge tissue ,downside epidermis . The vascular bundles were located among them. The costa had several vascular bundles and a great deal of thin wall tissue cells. It proved the theory of the water logging tolerence of Rumex K-1. 6. By way of paraffin , the condensed tannin-filled cells were not found in the leafy horizontal microcosmic sections of Rumex K-1 and the same was as in the lamina and the petiole with vanillan-HCl method. These results proved that there was not condensed tannins in the leafy section of Rumex K-1. On the otherhand, the condensed tannin was found in the calys and new seed capsule of Rumex k-1. Therefore the saying of Rumex k-1 having poor palatability because of the condensed tannin contained has no solid base. 7. As the resource of rumex k-1’s chromosome is very complicated, so it should be paid more attention to build up the seed multiplying system and produce seeds. Otherwise, it will cause of the degrading of the variety. At meantime, it proved that the method for seed multiplication system taken by China Food Industry Group Romax Co.LTD is scientific and reasonable .更多还原