医学图象可视化技术的研究与实现

【作者】 刘保权；

【导师】 周明全；

【作者基本信息】 西北大学 ， 计算机软件与理论， 2001， 硕士

【摘要】 科学计算可视化是运用计算机图形学和图象处理技术以及人机交互技术，将科学计算过程中产生的数据及计算结果转换为图形或图象在屏幕上显示出来，并进行交互处理的理论、方法和技术。 本文研究把可视化技术应用于医学图象数据的分析与处理中，充分考虑国内医学图象处理的需要与医疗设备现状，针对CT机、核磁共振机所形成图象数据的特点，利用可视化技术，在计算机上对医学图象数据进行各种可视化处理，以达到一般成象设备所不能完成的许多功能，使得处理功能更强，信息更丰富，操作更方便。目标是通过可视化技术，在计算机屏幕上再现医学人体器官的三维形态，并通过逼真的绘制过程，提供一个过去不能看到的新世界。 本文首先介绍了可视化技术的概念，然后引入了它在医学领域的重要应用——医学图象可视化技术。针对这一技术的几个主要部分进行讨论与研究，提出了一系列的处理算法，实现了一个医学图象可视化系统。这些工作主要包括：（1）可视化的前期工作——图象预处理；（2）为解决九五项目《颅骨面貌复原》中颅骨和面皮建模问题，而作的轮廓线提取、凸包法归一化处理和基于面绘制的三维重构，这些工作为本项目后续工作（基于轮廓线的复原）打下了基础；（3）提出了交互式动态体绘制及其加速算法，使得动态体绘制过程几乎达到实时效果，解决了体绘制数据量大，显示速度慢，不能进行快速动态显示的问题；（4）提出基于体绘制的交互式实时虚拟内窥镜算法，生成3D效果逼真的虚拟内窥镜图象，并解决了交互方式问题；（5）提出了基于Web的三维可视化技术，即把可视化技术应用于INTERNET之上的几种关键技术，它借助于Web技术对大量数据的通讯能力，使可视化技术获得更加广泛的应用价值，并得到更加广阔的推广和发展。我们在微机平台用Visual C++或JDK1.3实现了本文中的所有算法，并验证了算法的正确性和可行性。 本文的特色在于，结合实际应用的需求，研究并实现了医学图象可视化技术的两个主流方法（面绘制和体绘制），提出了交互式动态体绘制及其加速算法、虚拟内窥镜算法、以及把三维可视化技术应用于INTERNET之上的几种关键技术。 医学图象可视化技术是当前医学图象处理的研究热点，它不仅在理论研究方面有意义，而且对于临床医学及法医学都有着重大的意义和应用价值，它会对现有的医疗现代化带来革命化的影响，有着良好的社会效益和很大的经济效益。更多还原

【Abstract】 Scientific visualization is a series of theory~ethod and technique,which apply computer graphics , image processing technique and human-computer intaading technique to transfonn the z~sulting data from the process of scientific computing to graphics and image that will be display in computer screen ,so that it can be interactively process. We apply scientific visualization technique to medical image data?ana]ysis and process. The target is that we sufficiently take into account the need of the medical image processing and the current condition of medical treatment equipment in china; aiming at CT or MRI image data,we make use of new technique and new achievement of current visualization research ,cariy out kinds of processing to medical image data on computer,to achieve many functions that can not be achieve on common imaging equipment,in order to make the processing funtion more stronger, infonnation more rich ,operalion more convenient.Vra visualization technique,we can redivivus organic抯 three dimension shape,and by vividly rendering ,we can see a brand-new world that never can be seen. In this thesis,a few dominating content of medical image visualization technique is discussed and researched,and a medical image visualization system is implementecL Firstly, visualization technique concept is intruducedAnd then a important application of visualization technique in medical fleld,namely medical image visualization technique, is imported~Sunvwiding this technique, a series of processing algorithms on medical image visualization processing is presented and implemented.These work mainly include: (1)image preprocessing that is the prophase work of visualization;(2)in order to resolve the modeling problem of skull and skin in Ninth-Five pz~ect~which is 揝kull to Skin Restoration?a seris of work is finished ,including contours distilling, convex hull based processing and surface rendering based 3D reconsinicting;(3) interactive dynamic volume rendering and its accelerating algorithm is innovatively presented,that makes the volume rendering speed reach almost to real time efflciency;(4) volume rendering based interactive real time virtual endoscopy algorithm is pzesented,that can generate vivid virtual endoscopy image of 3D effect;(5)at last,a few key techniques are presented that apply visualization technique to lnternet,namely Web based 3D visualization. By dint of Web technique抯 strong ability on data communicating ,it make visualization technique achieve more widely application value and get more broad generalization and development All of the algorithms in this thesis is implemented on microcomputer platform using Visual C~-$- or JDKI.3, and the algorithms抯 couectness and high efficiency got validated. Medical image visualization,which is the research hotspot of current medical image processing is not only significant in theory research,but also very important and helpful to clinic diagnosing and medical jurisprudence. Its effect to medical treatment modernization would be revolutionary and far-reachingand would produce good social benefit and big economic profit更多还原