长清县土地资源生产力、生产潜力及耕地增产潜力评价研究

【作者】 侯西勇；

【导师】 李道高；

【作者基本信息】 山东师范大学 ， 自然地理学， 2001， 硕士

【摘要】 中国人口基数大，而且自然增长率较高，人口、土地、粮食长期以来处于紧张状态。脆弱的生态环境又成为农业发展的不利因素，土地退化现象特别严重；而且在工业化、城市化的进程中，耕地面积不断地减少。因此，21世纪解决人口、土地和粮食问题将是中国面临的重大任务。 土地生产力评价、生产潜力和增产潜力计算是对土地资源质量的评价，是寻求解决人地矛盾途径的前提和基础。由于传统手段和技术条件的限制，我国在该方面的研究存在许多不足之处，脱离农业可持续发展目标，中小区域的相关研究少，研究成果难以指导生产实际等。 本论文以济南市长清县为例，试图对该研究领域的上述不足之处加以改进，主要有：①寻求针对于面积较小区域的微观细致和高精度的土地资源生产力、生产潜力、增产潜力研究方法，综合考虑各种影响因素，并紧密结合研究区具体情况，确定了科学合理的评价方法和计算模型；②在光温水生产潜力的基础上，增加了土地生产潜力和社会生产潜力的计算，提供了对研究区农业可持续发展目标的支持；③在整个研究过程中借助于遥感（RS）技术和地理信息系统（GIS）技术，提高工作效率和精确性，避免人为失误，计算结果精确到30m×30m的像元分布数据，从而保证和提高了研究结果的科学性和对实际生产的指导作用；④对土地资源的科学利用与保护进行深入的探讨并提出适合于研究区区域实情的对策措施。 研究的具体内容主要有： （1）土地资源生产力评价指标体系和评价方法 分别从自然和社会经济技术两大方面对土地资源生产力水平进行评价。自然评价共选取10个影响因素，首先确定各个单因素的贡献函数，并进行单因素评价；然后综合10个因素的评价结果，求取几何平均值，得到土地资源生产力自然评价指数像元分布数据。社会经济技术评价共选取6个影响因素，确定其各自的权重，加权求和得到土地资源生产力社会经济技术评价指数像元分布数据。在此基础上，综合自然与社会经济技术评价结果得到土地资源综合评价指数像元分布数据。 （2）土地资源生产潜力 将逆向限制因子修正法、资源综合平衡法与地理信息系统工具有机地结合在一起，计算土地资源粮食生产潜力。包括：光合生产潜力、光温生产潜力、光温水生产潜力、土地生产潜力和社会生产潜力。其中土地生产潜力是以土地资源生产力自然评价指数为有效系数对气候生产潜力进行订正而得到的；社会生产潜力是用灌溉有效系数对土地生产潜力进行订正而得到的。土地生产潜力和社会生产潜力的计算结果精确到30m×30m的像元分布数据。 （3）耕地资源增产潜力 以土地生产潜力、社会生产潜力和耕地现有实际粮食产量为基础计算耕地资源粮食增产潜力，分别得到耕地自然增产潜力和耕地社会增产潜力。这是两个具有不同内涵和不同等级水平的增产潜力数据，是不同标准、不同时间尺度要求和不同技术支持下的粮食增产目标。它们的计算结果也精确到 30 m X 30 m的像元分布数据，对实际生产工作的指导作用非常强。 m士地资源科学利用与农业可持续发展 在土地资源生产力、生产潜力及耕地资源增产潜力计算与分析的基础上，结合遥感解译数据和统计资料，认真分析研究区土地利用现状，制定了切实可行的上地资源整理、复垦与开发方案，进一步探讨未来社会经济发展过程中土地资源科学利用与保护的措施，遵循可持续发展的原则和要求，因地制宜地强调和指出建设可持续发展的区域农业综合体系所依据的重要技术支持。更多还原

【Abstract】 China has a big population and a fast increase speed of it. Themutua1 relations axnong popu1ation, land a-nd grain have been in state ofintensity permanently. The fragi1e ecological environment has become theunfavorable factor to the development of agriculture, and as a result, thesoil degeneration phenomenon is paticularly serious now. Furthermore,the area of cultivated land has been decreasing ceaselessly during thecourse of industrialization and civilization. Therefore, it will be the majortask of China in 2l centUry to dispose the problem of population, land andfoodstuffThe land productivity evaluation and potential increase productioncalculation belong to studies on land resources quality and they form thepre-requisite and foundational means to resolve the conflicts betWeen manand land resources. Bllt restficted by the traditiona1 instruments andtechniques in our coUntry there are many insufficiencies in the study field,such as the renunciation from the agricultUral sustainable developmentobjects, the lack of studies on tiny tetritories, the disability of studyachievements to guide practices, and so forth.Concerned with the above insufficiencies, and illustrated with thecase of Changqing CoUnty Which is in Jinan City, this paPer attempts toimprove on the state of this research field. The staPle allemPts are asII!’fol1owsf @The attemPt to seek good methods that fit tiny territories onland productivity & potential productivity and cultivated land potentialincrease production researches. For this reason, closely combined with thepractical conditions of Changqing County various influencing factorswere synthetica1ly considered, scientific and logical eva1uation methodand calculating models were established. @Based on the calculation ofthe light-temPertae-water potentia1 productivity the 1and and socialpotential productivity were calculated additionally This can providebackers for the agricultUral sustainable development objects of ChangqingCounty. @From beginning to end of the research, remote sensing andgeograPhic information system techniques were utilized to improve thework efficiency and accuracy The factitious mistakes were avoided andthe computation outcomes were precis9ly eXPressed by grid maps consistof qlladrate units that a single one rePresents the reaI area of 900 squaremeters (30m x 30m). As the result, the research works’instrUctiona1effects on practices were assured and reinforced- @Thorough eXPlorationon scientific land utilization and preservation were carried out andmeasures that comPaible with the rea1ities of the research area werebrough forward.The main contents of the paPer are as fol1ows.(1)The method and target system of land productivity evaluation.From tWo main aspects, i.e., namral and society-economy-techniquefactors, land productivity were evaluated respectively Ten single naturalfactors were selected and evaluated according to their contributoryfunctions before they were synthetically eva1uated by calculating theirgeometrical average, which produced the natUal evaluaton index of landproductivity. Six single society--economy-technique factors were selectedand their weights were caIculated by means of AHP (Analytic HierarchyProcess). Then, by summing them up, the society-economy-tecboqueeva1uation index of land productivity was got. Finally, the synthetic indexof land productivity was calculated on the bases of the tWo indexmentioned above.(2)The land potential productivity.The methods of converse restrictive factor modifications and resourcesyllthetical equilibrium, accomPanied with GIS (geograPhic informationsystem) tools, were uti1ized to ca1culate land resources potential grainproductivity Photosynthesis, 1ight--temPeramre, l ight-te mp eramre -water,land and social potentia1 productivity were estimated step by step. ByIIImeans of rectifying light-temperature-water potential productivity with the natu更多还原