苹果梨有效授粉受精期及其影响因子的研究

【作者】 金英善；

【导师】 曲柏宏； 曹后男；

【作者基本信息】 延边大学 ， 果树学， 2001， 硕士

【摘要】 本试验采用以鸭梨为主的混合花粉、谢花甜花粉、鸭梨花粉和苹果梨树为试材，观察了花粉在柱头上的萌发以及花粉管在花柱内的生长情况，研究了苹果梨授粉受精过程及其影响因子，主要研究结果如下：（1）混合花粉在苹果梨柱头上大约2小时开始萌发，谢花甜花粉和鸭梨花粉 在苹果梨柱头上大约4小时才开始萌发；10小时花粉管开始伸入柱头， 24小时大部分花粉管进入到花柱上部；36小时大部分花粉管已进入花 柱中部；56小时开始有部分花粉管到达子房；72～96小时大部分花粉管 穿过子房，完成受精。（2）苹果梨有效授粉期比较长，一般为6天，最佳授粉期是花后第2～5天。（3）苹果梨用离体萌发率较低的花粉授粉仍可以正常结实，即花粉充足的条 件下，离体萌发率大于20％时其花序座果率超过70％。（4）苹果梨授粉花粉离体萌发的适宜培养基是蔗糖浓度为5～15％，硼酸浓 度为100～400mg.L^-1，适宜的温度是25～30℃。本试验结果还表明硼是 花粉管生长的必要因素。（5）苹果梨自花结实率为零。更多还原

【Abstract】 The experiment studied the course of pollination and fertilization and factors that affected the course by observing pollen germination and pollen tube growth in style.Mixed pollen made up of greater part of YaLi pear?s,XieHuaTian pear?s pollen,YaLi pear / s pollen,and apple-pear tree were all used in the ~xperiment.Main results were followed.I.It was about 2 hours that mixed pollen germinated on the stigma,but XieHua Tian pear?s pollen and YaLi pear?s pollen were 4 hours,and it took 10 hours that pollen tube began to go into the stigma.Most of pollen tube went into the style?s upper after 24 hours,and it went into the style?s middle after 36 hours,then it went into the ovary after 56 hours.It was 72?6 hours that most of pollen tube acrossed the ovary and fonished the course of pollination and fertilization.2.The effective pollination period of apple-pear was rather long,usually it was 6 days. The best pollination date was the 2nd to 5th day after blossom.3.Apple-pear still fruited normally when it was pollinated by the low pollen germination rate in vitro.Under the cendition of enough pollen,if pollen germination was rate more than 20%,its fruit-setting rate of in florescence would exceed 70%.4.When pollen in virtro that was to pollinate the flowers of apple-pear germinated,the suitable medium was 5~?15% sucrose and 1 00挆400 mg. I] boric scid,and the suitable temperature was 25-~300C .In addition ,result showed that Boron was the essential factor to tube growth.5.The rate of self-fruitfulness in apple-pear was zero.更多还原