尼采思想在创造社作家作品中的反映

【作者】 张英；

【导师】 李怡；

【作者基本信息】 西南师范大学 ， 中国现当代文学， 2001， 硕士

【摘要】 具有独立、批判和创造精神的尼采的哲学思想于二十世纪初叶传人中国，对浪漫主义文学社团“创造社”的作家产生了重要影响。创造社作家受尼采思想影响，其作品一方面充满了批判精神和重新创造一切的勇气，另一方面也表现出鲜明的个人主义色彩，强调艺术的独立，追求唯美。本文以郭沫若、郁达夫、田汉和白采四人的作品为例，试图客观地分析尼采思想在其作品中的反映。 郭沫若的诗集《女神》中的很多作品充满了反抗精神、创造精神，以及与之相联系的破坏与追求精神，同时，作品中的自我形象异常高大，有着鲜明的个性解放思想。这正是尼采批判与创造精神在其诗篇中的反映。 郁达夫的小说《沉沦》以空前的坦率描写了一位在日本求学的中国大学生不幸的性爱经历和精神历程，主人公把无法实现的理想和无法满足的欲望全部转化为对性爱的追求，希望用这样的方式寻求个性解放。小说受到当时流行于日本的第二个尼采形象影响，反映了尼采的极端个人主义思想。 田汉的早期剧作则突出反映了尼采酒神精神的影响，他认为应以审美的态度来看待人生，主张用戏剧来拯救人生，美化人生。对酒神音乐的重视使田汉的作品具有浓厚的主观抒情色彩。 白采受到尼采批判精神和超人学说的影响，自动疏远群众，他孤独而绝望，对现实不满。他的长诗《羸疾者的爱》反映了对现实的不满，也表现出为改变这种黑暗现实而宁愿自我牺牲的精神。更多还原

【Abstract】 Nietzche’s philosophy and spirit of independence, criticism and creation areintroduced into China at the very beginning of the 20th century. A great many writers ofthe first modem romantic literature association "Chuang Zao She", are gfeatlyinfluenced by them.Influenced by thoughts of Nietzche, writers of the association ~Chuang Zao She"have their own characteristics. First, their works are full of spirit of criticism andcourage to recreate everything. Second, their works have distinct individualism. Third,they emphasize the independence and perfection of arts. In this essay, we setGuoMoRuo, YuDaFu, TianHan and BaiCai as examples to try to analyze the influenceof Nietzche in their works objectively.Many poems in Guo’s collection of poems ((Goddess)) are filled with spirit torebel ,create, destroy and pursue. At the same time, the image of "self’ in poems is hugeand liberal. It is just the reflection of Nietzche’s spirit of criticism and creation in Guo’ spoems.Yu’s novel ((Chen Lun)) describes the unfortunate experience of sexual love andmental world of an overseas Chinese student in Japan. The hero of the novel tries toconvert all his desire and ideal into pursuit to sex, and tries to pursue liberty in this way.This novel, influenced by the popular "second Nietzche image" in Japan at that time,reflects Nietzche’s extreme individualism.Tian’s plays in early times reflect the Wine God spirit of Nietzche. He believes that2we should treat life with appreciation of the beautiful. He advocates that we should saveand beautify our life with drama. In the meantime, he values the use of music in drama,it makes his plays have objective lyric features.Bai accepts Nietzche’s theory of superman and spirit of criticism. He drifts apartthe masses, he feels lonely and depressed, he is dissatisfied with the reality. His longpoem 《The love of the sikY》 shows his dissatisfaction with the reality, and hiswillingness to sacrifice for a better world.In the end, following the clue, we summarize Nietzche’s influence on the works ofwriters of"Chuang Zao She" as objectively and truly as possible.更多还原