纳米材料复合聚丙烯酸酯改性聚氯乙烯的研究

【作者】 王锐兰；

【导师】 邬润德；

【作者基本信息】 浙江工业大学 ， 材料学， 2001， 硕士

【摘要】 纳米材料的研究开始于二十世纪六十年代，兴起于八十年代，盛行于九十年代，纳米材料预期将成为二十一世纪社会不可缺少的高技术材料。复合化、低维化、智能化是当前材料科学发展的三大趋势，因而，本论文拟以高分子材料为基础，利用一定的复合方法，开发纳米—高分子复合材料，以提高聚氯乙烯（PVC）的抗冲击性能。 本论文重点进行了聚丙烯酸酯（ACR）包覆纳米材料的研究。在已选择好的ACR基础上，成功地合成了一系列纳米/ACR复合材料，并与PVC共混后，对PVC的抗冲强度有不同程度的提高。 在ACR包覆硅溶胶的研究中，得出在60℃且HPMC∶SiO₂=1∶15时，包覆效果最好。当ACR中SiO₂的含量小于20％时，与PVC共混后体系的拉伸强度随SiO₂含量的增加而增强，当达到30％时开始下降，而断裂伸长率在SiO₂为5％时达到最大，同时，这个时候的抗冲强度也最大。 ACR包覆固态纳米SiO₂是通过偶联剂MAPS来进行的，ACR的转化率及聚合反应速率随SiO₂含量的增加而下降，含15％SiO₂的ACR热分解温度要比纯ACR的高，ACR复合物加入PVC中后，拉伸强度随SiO₂含量的增加先下降后上升，抗冲强度随SiO₂含量的增加先上升后下降，含5％SiO₂的ACR加入PVC中后，抗冲强度最高。 有最佳性能的ACR包覆纳米CaCO₃的复合材料在单体和粉体用量比为1∶3左右时合成。CaCO₃最佳的表面处理剂为Tween80，CaCO₃的最大包覆率约为55％，适宜的搅拌速度为500r/min，最佳的聚合反应温度为60℃。当表面改性剂用量约为填料量的1％，ACR中CaCO₃含量为20％，且PVC中加10份ACR时，ACR与PVC共混后的抗冲击强度最大。更多还原

【Abstract】 The nanomaterial was studied in 1960抯 at first and has aroused greater researching efforts in 1990抯 than 1980抯. This kind of high-tech material will be indispensable in 21 century. In order to improve the impact strength of PVC, the studies of polymer composite which include nanomaterials have been presented in this thesis. Based on elected ACR ,the composites of nanomaterial encapsulated by ACR were prepared. The impact resistance capability of PVC can be improved when the composites were blended with PVC. For the experiment of encapsulated by ACR silica sol, the favored encapsulating conditions are HPMC:Si02=1 :15 and reacting at 6OCmainly. When the composite was blended with PVC,the tensile strength of the whole system is increased with increasing Si02 which is smaller than20% in ACR. meanwhile, the tensile strength begins to drop at the content of Si02 for 30%. The break elongation and impact strength get to the maximum when the content of Si02 in ACR is 5%. ACR encapsulating nanometer Si02 by MAPS(coupling agent) has been studied. It is found that coversion rate of ACR and reaction rate decline with the increasing Si02 and the thermostability of the composite increases than that of pure ACR at Si02 for 15%. When the composite is blended with PVC, the tensile strength of the whole system drops firstly and afterwards increases with the increasing Si02 in ACR, at the same conditions, the impact strength of the whole system has opposite tendcy and is improved greatly when the content of Si02 is 5% in ACR. When ratio of monomer and CaCO3 is 1:3, reacting temperature is 60t, stirring speed is 500r/min and Tween80(surface treatment agent) is 1% of the content of Si02, encapsulation rate of ACR encapsulating nanometer CaCO3 gets to 55%. Moreover, the the impact strength of the whole system arrive to the maximum when the content of CaCO3 in ACR is 20% and ACR is 10% in PVC.更多还原