新形势下再论中国发展综合商社之路

【作者】 陶晓红；

【导师】 马春光；

【作者基本信息】 对外经济贸易大学 ， 工商管理， 2001， 硕士

【摘要】 计划经济体制下产生和发展壮大的中国外贸企业在市场经济条件下的可持续发展一直为业界所关注，1994年底开始的综合商社试点工作曾为大型外贸公司带来希望。然而发生在1997年的亚洲经济危机将这个有益的探索推向了进退两难的境况。 笔者以在日本综合商社工作数年的经验，结合在MBA学习期间学到的管理理论和分析方法，以日绵公司为案例、以大型国有企业为背景，在前人研究的基础上从全新的角度再次探索中国的综合商社之路。 本文共分四个部分。第一部分简要回顾了综合商社的发展史，并着重介绍其在新经济条件下围绕制定全球化目标不断进行的战略调整和企业重组。 第二部分对综合商社的存在和发展提出了相关的支持性理论，即海默教授的垄断优势理论、邓宁教授的国际生产折衷理论和威尔斯教授的关于发展中国家企业跨国经营理论。 第三部分回顾了外贸公司20年的改革之路，介绍了20世纪90年代中国进行综合商社改革试点的背景和前人的研究成果。着重分析了外贸公司目前所面临的种种挑战：（1）经济全球化极大地推动了贸易自由化；（2）中国加入世贸组织的努力使传统外贸公司的垄断优势一去不复返；（3）互联网和电子商务给国际贸易带来了意义深远的革命。 第四部分是本文的重点。笔者认为综合商社遇到的困难是发展中的困难，外贸公司的优势尚存，前期的综合商社试点工作不能因噎废食、全盘否定。在综合商社的继续探索工作中，笔者提出四个方面的对策和建议：（1）加快产权制度的改造，综合商社依旧是外贸企业跨国经营有效的先导模式，制定全球化战略是关键；（2）避免传统综合商社过于注重业务的广泛综合与功能的齐全的弊病，全力培养自己的核心能力，即注重企业整体价值的保值增值和核心竞争力的增强；（3）充分利用新经济、积极开展电子商务，同时注意发扬新兴网络公司无法比拟的市场和服务优势；（4）创新是外贸企业永恒的主题。综合商社的探索本身就属于企业制度创新的范畴，配合不断进行企业的组织创新、机制创新、观念创新和业务创新，是综合商社改造的意义所在。更多还原

【Abstract】 There has been a big concern about the continuing development in the market economy circumstances of Chinese foreign trading enterprises originated and developed in planned economy system The initiative on the establishment of general trading companies (hereinafter refered to as 揋TC? on a trial basis was launched in China in 1994, and brought hopes to large foreign trade companies until the eruption of the Asian financial crises in 1997, which placed the beneficial explore on a dilemma.Based upon a couple of years of working experiences in a Japanese GTC and the theoretical framework and the analytical methods learned from the MBA courses, as well as the research findings completed by other scholars, the writer takes Nichimen Corporation as an example and large state-owned trading companies as background, to explore the possibility of transforming existing foreign trading companies into GTCs in China in brand new perspective.This paper consists of four parts. The first part briefly reviews the history of the development of GTC, and concentrates GTC抯 continuous strategic adjustments and reconstruction targeted at globalization under the new economic circumstances.The second part concerns the theoretical supporting systems for the GTC. Three relative theories are introduced in this section, namely Professor Hymer抯 Monopoly Advantages Theory, Professor Dunning抯 OIL Theory and Professor Wells?argument on multinational operations of developing countries. The third part introduces the background of the initiative on the establishment of GTC on a trial basis launched in China in 1990抯, and the research findings completed by other scholars, while reviewing the 20 years?reform of China抯 foreign trade enterprises. The writer analysis the various challenges the foreign trade companies are facing: (1) Trade liberalization propelled by economic globalization.; (2) The diminishing of foreign trade companies?traditional monopoly advantages led by the efforts of China抯 access to the WTO; (3) The profound revolutions in international trade caused by the booming of Internet and E-business.In the forth part, the core of the paper, the writer believes that the difficulties GTC are facing is difficulties in development, the foreign trade companies still have their own advantages, the previous GTC efforts should not be deniedthoroughly. The writer offers her measures and suggestions in four points: (1) To accelerate the reform of ownership system, and GTC is still an effective forerunner model of the foreign trade companies for their multinational operations. Meanwhile, making globalization strategies is crucial: (2) While avoiding excessive emphasis on business coordination and synergy and functional completion advocated by traditional GTC, the enterprises should do their utmost to promote core competencies of themselves by laying stress on maintaining and adding values as well as on strengthening core capabilities; (3) To fully utilize new economy to launch E-business actively by taking advantages of foreign trade companies?dominant marketing and service positions which could not be matched by newly formed web companies; (4) Innovations are eternal subjects of the foreign trade companies. The GTC抯 exploration itself is a kind of system innovations, so the continuous innovations in organizational structures, mechanisms, attitudes and mentalities are the very senses of the GTC reform.更多还原