【作者】 邱君志；

【导师】 李维明；

【作者基本信息】 福建农林大学 ， 作物遗传育种， 2001， 硕士

【摘要】 摘要 龙特浦A（简称特A）的高异交和高配合力等优良特性深受人们欢迎，但由于它育性不稳定，又限制了其推广应用。针对特A的育性不稳定问题，以特B为亲本，经过遗传改良选育出育性稳定且基本保持特B优良特性的保持系T₅5B、T₇7B和T₈7B（统称T_B）及其对应的不育系T₅5A、T₇7A和T₈7A（统称T_A）。本研究利用特A（B）、T_A（T_B）为材料，杂交构建F₁、F₂、BC₁、BC₂群体，研究特A育性不稳定性的遗传。结果表明： 1、特A不育性不稳定，且育性变化幅度大。相反，T_A的不育性较稳定，育性变异幅度较小。t-测验表明特A和T_A的育性存在极显著差异。但在T_A系列中，T₅5A的不育性比T₇7A和T₈7A稍差。同时T_A的杂交一代F₁A（T_A×特B）育性也较特A稳定，预示其具有潜在的生产应用价值。 2、T₇7A和T₈7A与特B的杂交一代（F₁A）表现与T₇7A和T₈7A相近的稳定不育，表明T₇7A和T₈7A的育性稳定对特A育性不稳定是完全显性的；T₅5A与特B的子一代T₅5F₁A的花粉育性则介于双亲之间但偏向T₅5A，表明T₅5A的育性稳定对特A育性不稳定为不完全显性。 3、三个组合的F₂和BC₁在不同生长季的花粉育性均呈连续的多峰分布，在T₇7A、T₈7A的F₂和BC₁群体中，植株不育特性可分成稳定和不稳定两组，其分离比例分别为15:1和3:1，表明T₇7A、T₈7A的育性稳定性受到2对基因控制，并表现为重叠作用；而在T₅5A的F₂和BC₁群体中，植株不育性可分成稳定、较稳定和不稳定三种类型，分离比例分别为9:6:1和1:2:1，表明T₅5A的育性稳定性也受2对基因控制，但表现为积加作用。 T₅5A与T₇7A、T₈7A是来自相同组合的姐妹系，它们的育性稳定性都受控于两对互作基因，但其作用方式不同，前者为积加作用，后 龙特浦A育性不稳定性的遗传分析－．一邱君志 两者为重叠作用。因此，决定这三个不育系育性稳定性的基因之间 的关系尚需进一步研究。更多还原

【Abstract】 Longtepu A(LTA) is a favorable CMS line with high yield general combining and outcrossing abilities, while its instability in sterility is a main obstruct for its broader use. In order to improve the sterility stability of LTA , three maintainers (T55B~ T77B and T87B, designated as TB) and their corresponding CMS lines (T55A~ T77A and T87A, designated as TA) were bred by means of genetic improvement of Longtepu B(LTB). In this study, the LTA (LTB) and TA(TB) were used as parents to make up F1~. F2-. BC1 and BQ populations to study the inheritance of the sterility instability of LTA. The results were as follows:1.The sterility of LTA with a great various distribution of fertility was unstable, whilst, the sterility of Thwith a little fertile variation was stable.The extremely significant difference between LTA and TA in sterility was detected by t梩est. Among 慉p T77A and T87A had a little stabler sterility than T55A.Meanwhile, FIA(TA/LTB)also showed a stabler pollen sterility than LTA, suggesting that F1A would be some potential value in pra鐍tical use.2.The stable fertility of T77F1A(T77A/LTB) with a pollen fertility 3.79% was similar as that of its parent(T77A), the same tendency was observed in T87F1A(T87A/LTB) as well. These showed that the stable fertility of T77A and T87A was completely dominant over unstable fertility of LTA. However, The fertility of T55F1A was between that of their parents and biased T55A, which suggested that the genes controlling fertilitystability of T55A were characterized by partial dominance.3.The pollen fertility ofF2 and BC1 in three combinations during different heading dates presented a continuous multiple climax distribution, which indicated that the sterility instability of LTA was controlled by several major genes and modifiers . If the type of fertility was divided by the valley of fertile distribution, the segregation ratios of fertility in the F2(T87F2A ~. T77F2A) and BC1(T87BC1T77BC1)populations were 15(stable sterility): 1(unstable sterility) and 3(stable sterility):l(unstable sterility)respectively, indicating that the sterile stabilities in T87A and T77A were mastered by two pairs of overlap genes . On the other hand, the ratios of pollen fertility in the F2(T55F2A) and BC1(T55BC1) populations of T55A showed a satisfactory fit to 9:6:1 and 1:2:1 ,which revealed that the stable sterility in T55A was characterized by two pairs of genes with dosage effect更多还原