【作者】 祁永红；

【导师】 赵万里；

【作者基本信息】 扬州大学 ， 动物遗传育种与繁殖， 2001， 硕士

【摘要】 本研究以扬州鹅核心群N₃代为试验素材，对其早期生长发育规律、屠宰性能、肌肉品质、群体遗传稳定性进行研究。以动物生长模型、血浆酶活性、基因组随机扩增多态（RAPD）为实验手段进行分析，探索能用于扬州鹅早期选种及某些性状活体检测的遗传标记。研究结果表明： 1.扬州鹅的早期生长发育规律能用Gompertz模型进行拟合，其拟合精度为R²=0.99965，用其能很好地描述扬州鹅的早期生长发育规律。其拐点周龄为5.15周，拐点体重为1659.66克，生长的极限体重为4510.34克，10周龄的理论体重为3508.87克。据此模型可建立扬州鹅的早期生长标准，为扬州鹅的进一步选育和配套指标的制定提供理论依据。 2.扬州鹅10周龄屠宰性能优良：公母平均屠宰率为87.7％、半净膛率为76.4％、全净膛率为66.6％、腹脂率为2.7％、胸腿肌率为26.1％，且公母间除全净膛率、腹脂率差异显著外中（p＜0.05），其它性状公母间差异均不显著。 3.血浆酶活性与生长发育的相关性研究表明：AKP活性与平均日增重呈显著正相关（r=0.912，p＜0.05），且世代间的重复性较好，其作为生长发育的标记物是可行的、可靠的；GOT与相对生长率呈极显著正相关（r=0.964，p＜0.01），其可能是另一种生长发育的标记物，但其在世代间的重复性还有待进一步探讨。 血浆酶活性与屠宰性能关系的研究表明：GOT活性与半净膛率、全净膛率均呈显著负相关（p＜0.05），其他酶活性与屠宰性能间相关均不显著。AKP、AMY、 GPT、GOT活性及TCH含量对屠宰率的模型效应分析表明，AMY活性对屠宰 率的模型效应显著中＜0．05)，GOT活性对屠宰率的模型效应极显著印＜0．of＼ 说明AMY、GOT活性可能是屠宰性能的活体检测标记。 4．扬州鹅的肉品质较佳、营养丰富：10周龄公母鹅平均肌肉系水力为64．4％， pH值6．27，肉色0．89，且公母间差异均不显著。肌肉干物质含量23．8％、粗蛋白 18．36％、粗脂肪1．96％、粗灰分1．15％。相关分析表明：肌肉失水率与系水力呈 极显著负相关(，心．994，p吻刀1＊肉色与pH值呈显著正相关（po．528，p＜0．05）， 系水力与粗蛋白含量呈极显著正相关(，0．683，p刃．of人肌肉纤维结构分析表 明，肌纤维直径、密度公母间差异均不显著，不同部位间差异均极显著巾＜0．ofL 肌肉纤维结构与体重的相关性表明，肌纤维密度与体重呈负相关，肌纤维直径与】 体重呈正相关，但差异均不显著。 5．基因组随机扩增多态（oWD）分析表明，扬州鹅随着世代选育的进行，其 群体遗传相似性逐渐增强，遗传距离缩短，遗传趋于稳定。更多还原

【Abstract】 An experiment was conducted with N3 Yangzhou goose to study the early growth- development law, slaughter performance, and muscle quality and heredity stability of Yangzhou goose. Animal growth model, plasma enzyme activity and random amplified polymorphism DNA (RAPD) were used in the studies. The aim is to explore genetic marker, which are used as measures for selection in the early stage and be used to examine for some properties of living bodies. The results indicated that: 1 .The growth-development law of Yangzhou goose is fit to the Gompertz model (R2=0.99965). This animal growth model can describe the growth-development law of Yangzhou goose in the early stage of growth very well. The inflexion is 5.1 5week and 1659.66g. the terminal body weight is 451 0.34g, and the theoretical body weight at l0week is 3508.87g. The growth standard of Yangzhou goose can be set up according to this model, which will provide theoretical base for further breeding and indexes affiliated with it. 2.Slaughter performance of Yangzhou goose is good at the 1 Oweek age: the average dressing percentage is 87.7%, semi-eviscerated carcass weight rate is 76.4%, eviscerated carcass weight rate is 66.6%, abdomen fat weight rate is 2.7%, breas~-1eg muscle weight rate is 26.1%. Besides eviscerated carcass weight rate and abdomen fat weight rate are significant different between male and female (p<O.O5), the rest shape and properties are not significant. 3. The studies on the relativity between plasma enzyme activity and growth indicated that there is significant positive correlation between AKP activity and average day gain (r0.9 12, p<O.OS) and can be repeated in the differeni generations so it is a reliable mark for growth. it is significant positive correlation between GOT activity and III I-k relative growth rate (r=0.964, p<O.Ol) , Got activity may be another mark for growth, but the repetition in different generations still wait for more investigation. The studies on the relativity between plasma enzyme activity and slaughter performance indicated that there is significant negative correlation between Got activity and semi-eviscerated carcass weight rate or eviscerated carcass weight rate (p<O.05) . the model-effect analysis on AKP~ AMY~ GPT~ GOT plasma enzyme activity and TCH percentage with dressing percentage show AMY activity model effect significant (p<O.O5) , and Got activity significant (p<O.Ol) .It shows that AMY activity and GOT activity are likely to be a mark for dressing percentage before its death. 4. The muscle quality is good, and nutrition is rich: at 10 week average water holding capacity is 64.4%, pH is 6.27, muscle color is 0.89, and differences between male and female are not significant. Dry matter 23.8%, coarse protein 18.36%, coarse fat 1.96%, and coarse ash 1.15%. it is significant negative correlation between water loss rate and water holding capacity (r= -0.994, p<O.Ol) , and significant positive correlation between muscle color and pH (r=0.5 28, p<O.O5) , and significant positive correlation between water holding capacity and coarse protein (r=0.683, p<O.Ol) . The structure analysis on muscle fiber indicated that the difference of muscle fiber density or diameter is not significant between male and female, but is significant between breast muscle and leg muscl更多还原