中国现代化和农民素质的提高

【作者】 丁兰国；

【导师】 秦刚；

【作者基本信息】 中共中央党校 ， 科学社会主义， 2001， 硕士

【摘要】 现代化是今日中国面临的极其重要的问题。中国现代化首先要实现中国人的现代化。农民占中国人口绝大多数，绝大多数农民素质偏低，这是中国的基本国情。因此，提高农民素质将直接影响中国的现代化进程。提高农民素质也是实现中华民族伟大复兴的重要保证。提高农民素质的目的是培养具有较高科学文化水平、思想道德素质和健康体魄的社会主义新型农民，从而提高整个中华民族的素质。本文主要探索了提高农民素质的意义，提出提高农民素质的途径及对策。它分四个部分：第一部分论述现代化和人口素质的关系，介绍农民素质的内涵，根据我国农民素质的现状，论述提高农民素质的重要意义和作用；第二部分重点介绍建国50年以来，尤其是改革开放以来，我国在提高农民科学文化素质、思想道德素质和身体素质等方面所做的主要工作和取得的成绩；第三部分列举了现阶段我国农民素质存在的问题及其具体表现，分析其历史和现实成因，并侧重从两个方面进行分析。教育方面：农村教育事业落后，学校结构不合理，教育投入少，农村社会教育存在许多问题。封建历史原因：长期的封建历史传统，禁锢了农民思想，影响了农民现代观念的形成，致使农村存在比较严重的封建迷信现象，农村宗族现象回潮；第四部分提出了一些提高农民素质的对策：发展农村教育事业，提高农民科学文化水平，加强农民的思想道德教育，引导农民价值观念的转变，普及科学，宣传无神论，破除封建迷信，开展民主法制教育等。更多还原

【Abstract】 Modernization is one of the most important problems which China are faced with today. First of all, Chinese modernization needs Chinese people modernization. Peasants account for most of Chinese, and the qualities of them are on the low side. This is the basic condition in China. So raising peasants` qualities will not only affect the course of Chinese modernization directly, but also they will be the guarantee for a great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. The target of improving peasants` qualities is to raise the ideological and ethical standards and scientific and educational levels of the whole nation. This article mainly seeks for the significance of raising peasants qualities, brings forward the approaches and the countermeasures. It concludes four parts. In the first part, I discourse upon the relation between the modernization and the population quality, introduce the meaning of peasant quality. Basing on its present conditions, I discourse upon the importance of improving Chinese peasants for Chinese modernization. In the second part, I introduce the achievements and works of having raised the peasants` qualities since the founding of the Peoples` Republic of China, especially since the reform and the opening up. In the third part, I enumerate the problems about Chinese peasants` qualities and their behavior, analyze their historical and realistic causes. In this part I analyze from two aspects especially: the causes of education and feudalistic history. In educational aspect, the education in countryside falls behind, the schooling structure is unreasonable, and the devotion is lacking, many problems exit in rural social education. In feudalistic history aspect, peasants` soul are confined by feudalistic traditions over a long period of time, it effect the formation of peasants` modern notions. In countryside there is relatively serious fetishistic phenomenon, and problems of rural clan reversion. In the fourth part, I bring forward some countermeasures to improve peasants` qualities, such as, developing the rural educational projects to enhance their scientific and educational levels, strengthening the education to raise the ideological and ethical standards, leading the transformation of the view of peasants` value, popularizing scientific knowledge energetically, propagandizing atheism to do away with superstition and educating peasants about democracy and law etc.更多还原