【作者】 雷红宇；

【导师】 袁慧； 陈可毅；

【作者基本信息】 湖南农业大学 ， 基础兽医学， 2001， 硕士

【摘要】 本研究采用人工感染鸭疫里默氏菌病为对象，对两组不同日龄的感染鸭进行了鸭疫里默氏菌病传染类型的研究，观察了鸭疫里默氏菌病的动态病理形态学和临床病理学变化。研究结果表明： 1．传染类型的研究 采用颈部皮下人工感染鸭疫里默氏菌，对11日龄及17日龄鸭的各一组鸭于接种感染后不同时间测定其血液中细菌含量、白细胞分类计数的动态变化，以及观察其临床症状（包括精神状况、食欲、体温以及死亡情况等），以确定鸭疫里默氏菌病的传染类型。结果表明，无论是11日龄鸭还是17日龄鸭，在接种感染后一个较长的时间段内外周血液中细菌含量持续大幅度上升，并且在整个试验过程中都能在血液中查到鸭疫里默氏菌，结合临床症状和病理变化，说明鸭疫里默氏菌病是一种急性或亚急性的败血型传染病，在感染后12～24h出现菌血症，菌血症后瞬即发展为败血症经过。另外，11日龄感染鸭主要呈急性经过，17日龄感染鸭主要呈亚急性经过。 2．动态病理变化观察 采用颈部皮下人工感染鸭疫里默氏菌，对11日龄和17日龄的各一组鸭在感染后不同时间进行剖检，并通过组织学常规和特殊染色方法观察动态病理变化，以研究其病理变化发展过程。结果表明，鸭在感染后1～3天就开始出现浆液-纤维素性或纤维素性心包炎、肝周炎和气囊炎，并且这些病变在整个病理过程中都能看到；另外，部分病例还有支气管肺炎、纤维素性脑膜脑炎、肠道和脾脏表面有纤维素性渗出物等病理变化。因此，鸭疫里默氏菌病的典型病理变化为浆液-纤维素性或纤维素性心包炎、肝周炎和气囊炎，渗出物中含有大量的炎症细胞，初期以嗜异性白细胞为主，后期以单核细胞和淋巴细胞占优势。 3．临床病理学观察 采用颈部皮下人工感染鸭疫里默氏菌，对11日龄鸭于感染后不同时间检测其血液学和血清生化指标的变化，以进一步研究其发病机理。结果表明：血液中红细胞（RBC）数、血红蛋白（Hb）、血清总蛋白（STP）、血清球蛋白（SG）含量以及血清碱性磷酸酶（AKP）的活性均极显著地（P＜0.01）低于 对照组，血清乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、血清谷草转氨酶（GOT）的活性极显著地（P＜0刀1） 高于对照组，这说明机体受到不同程度的损伤，其中以心脏和肝脏受到的损害较严 重，且出现消化障碍和严重贫血。 4．疾病发展过程及发病机理的综合分析 鸭疫里默氏菌病是一种主要侵嗜 全身性浆膜的败血型传染病，其病理过程主要是鸭疫里默氏菌首先在感染局部引起 炎症灶，当机体的防御能力显著降低时，鸭疫里默氏菌迅速突破机体的防御机构， 从感染灶不断侵入血液，经血液扩散到全身，主要定位在全身的浆膜，引起全身多 发性浆膜炎并发展为败血症。病变期间，血清LDH、GOT活性显著升高，血清AKP 活性，STP以及Hb、RBC数量呈明显降低，损伤较严重的器官为心脏和肝脏，病鸭 出现消化障碍和贫血，最后因多器官功能衰竭和DIC而死亡。更多还原

【Abstract】 The purpose of the studies was to define the infectious type of Rimerella anatipestifer (RA) infection, to observe the dynamic pathomorphology about the two group ducklings, which were artificially infected in different age, and to observe the changes of clinical pathomorphology. The results of the studies showed as follow:1. Studies on the infectious type In the experiment, subcutaneous injection at neck was used to artificially infect 11-day-age ducklings and 17-day-age ducklings. The amount of RA and classified count about leukocyte in ducklings’ peripheral blood were measured, the clinical manifestation was observed at different time after infection to define the infectious type of Rimerella anatipestifer infection. The results showed that not only in 11 -day duckling but also in 17-day duckling, the content of RA was continuous sharply increasing in a longer time after infection, and there were RA in blood during the whole experiment. Combined with clinical and pathological manifestation, it can be showed that Rimerella anatipestifer infection is a septicemia-type infectious disease, which is acute or sub-acute. Bacteriemia will occur in 12 to 24 hours after infection and it will be immediately developed to septicemia. Otherwise, the course of 11-day-age infectious duckling is acute, and the course of 17-day-age infectious duckling is sub-acute.2. Observations on the dynamic pathological changes 11-day and 17-day ducklings were killed in different time after infection to observe the gross and histological changes by conventional and special staining method. Results showed that there were serous-fibrinous or fibrinous exudates covered on the heart, liver and also be found in the air sacs in one to three days after infection, and there were continued till the end of the experiment In the course of the disease, some infectious ducklings would occur bronchopneumonia, fibrinous meningitis as well as fibrinous exudates covered the intestines and spleen. So the typical lesions of Rimerella analipestifer infection were fibrinous exudates covered the heart, liver and also be found in the air sacs. There were enormous inflammatory cell in the exudates, primarily heterophilic granulocyte, thenmonocyte and lymphocyte.3. Observations on clinical pathological changes Using routine methods, duckling’ s blood biochemical indices were measured in different time after experimental infection. The results showed that, compared with the control group, red blood cells (RBC) count, hemoglobin(HB) concentration in blood, total protein (STP) and globulin(SG) concentrations and the activity of alkaline phosphatase (AKP) in serum significantly decreased. The activities of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) in serum significantly increased. These indicated that liver and heart were seriously damaged in infectious duckling and ducklings appear dyspepsia and anemia.4. Integrative analysis on the developing course and pathogenesis Rimerella anatipestifer infection is septicemia-type infectious disease, which is addicted to intrude into serous membarance all over the body, cause serous-fibrinous or fibrinous serous membarance inflammation. The pathogenesis is that RA firstly causes local inflammation, then rapidly break through the defensive organizations into blood. After the proliferation in blood, RA located mainly in serous membrane all over the body, cause inflammation in here and DIC and result in septicemia. Moreover, The activities of GOT, LDH significantly increased, the activity of AKP, RBC count, STP, Hb, SG concentrations significantly decreased, liver and heart were seriously damaged. Infectious ducklings appear dyspepsia and anemia, die of multiorganic functions failure and DIC in the end.更多还原