甘肃省白粉菌种类、分布及生态区系研究（一）

【作者】 窦彦霞；

【导师】 王生荣；

【作者基本信息】 甘肃农业大学 ， 植物病理学， 2001， 硕士

【摘要】 调查研究结果表明：甘肃省白粉菌种类繁多，寄主广泛，在全省各地区均普遍发生，通过对现有360多份标本初步的整理和鉴定，发现产生有性型的白粉菌分布在39科96个属133个种和变种植物上，其中有43个为白粉菌新寄主植物，8种在国内尚属首次报道。本文鉴定到种的白粉菌有66个种和变种，它们隶属于白粉科的12个属。在这66个种中发现新种1个，国内新记录种4个，甘肃新记录种21个。新种为青荚叶叉丝壳（Microsphaera helwingiana S.R.Wang sp.nov.），国内新记录种分别是：Erysiphe ulmariae Desm.、Sphaerothecadelphinii（Karst.）Blumer、Sphaerotheca spiraeae Sawada、Sphaerotheca verbenaeSavul.＆ Negru。甘肃新记录种分别为：淫羊藿白粉菌（Erysiphe epimedii（Tai）Zheng ＆ Chen var.epimedii）、猪殃殃白粉菌（Erysiphe galii Blum.）、狼紫草白粉菌（Erysiphe lycopsidis Zheng ＆ Chen）、芍药白粉菌（Erysiphe paeoniae Zheng＆ Chen）、香茶菜白粉菌（Erysiphe rabdosiae Zheng ＆ Chen）、玄参科内丝白粉菌（Leveillula scrophulariacearum scrophulariacearum Golov.）、小檗生叉丝壳（Microsphaeraberberidicola Tai）、黑氏叉丝壳（Microsphaera hedwigii Lev.）、小檗球针壳（Phyllactinia berberidis Palla）、三指叉丝单囊壳（podosphaera tridactyla（Wallr.）De Bary）、波密叉钩丝壳（Sawadaia bomiensis Zheng ＆ Chen）、黄芪单囊壳（Sphaerotheca astragali Junell var. astragali）、凤仙花单囊壳（Sph. balsaminae（Wallr.）Kari）、老鹳草单囊壳（Sph. fugax Penz. ＆ Sacc）、黄芪束丝壳（Trichocladia astragali （DC.）Neger）、苦马束丝壳（Trichocladia swainsoniaeYu and Lai）、猕猴桃钩丝壳（Unclnula actinidiae Miyabe ex Jaezewski）、桦本钩丝壳（U. betulae Homma）、反卷钩丝壳（U. kenjiana Homma）、葡萄钩丝壳（U. necator（Schwein.）Burr.）和规则钩丝壳（U. regularis Zheng ＆ Chen）。 兴隆山白粉菌种群生态分布调查结果表明：白粉菌在该区普遍发生，其多样性与植被种类的多样性直接相关，环境湿度对病害严重度有较大影响，在高海拔高阴湿地段白粉菌分布较少，为害较轻；而在湿度相对较低的地段白粉菌种类多，为害严重，发病寄主多呈均匀分布或团块状分布。生态位分析结果表明：Sphaerotheca和Erysiphe的生态位宽度最大，其B值分别为B_Sph.=1.000，B_E=0.974，说明这两个属的白粉菌比别的属种对环境的适应性要强，对资源的利用宽度更大。更多还原

【Abstract】 The results of the preliminary studies showed: the powdery mildews fungi were widespread and common in all parts of Gansu province, more than 360 collections have been studied in which teleomorphic taxa have been described, 66 species belonging to 12 genera parasited on 133 host plants are known. All the collections were studied very critically with the help of upto date literature and the genera and species were confirmed according to the key ~provided by Zheng Ruyong et. al.(l 987) and Braufr U.. In the listed species one flew species taxa was proposed: Microsphaera helwingiana S.R. Wang sp. nov., it parasited on leaves of Helwingiajaponica (Thunb.) Dietr., and 4 new records of China: Erysiphe ulmariae Desm., Sphaerotheca delphini! (Karst.) Blumer, Sph. spiraeae Sawada and Sph. verbenae Savul. & Negru. Species first reported in Gansu province were listed as follows: Erysiphe epin3edii (Tai) Zheng & Chen var. epimedii, E. galii Blum., E. lycopsidis Zheng & Chen, E. paeoniae Zheng & Chen, E. rabdosiae Zheng & Chen, Leveillula scrophulariacearuni Go] ov., Microsphaera berberidicola Tai, M hedwigii L~?.?P kvllacilnia berberidisY鈒la, Podosphaera tridactyla(Wallr.) De Bary , Sawadaia boniiensis Zheng & Chen, Sphaerotheca astragali June11 var. astragali. Sph. balsam mae (Wallr.) Kari, Sph. fugax Penz. & Sacc., Trichocladia asiragali(DC. )Neger. Tr. swainsoniae Yu and Lai. Uncinula actinidiae Miyabe ex Jaczewski. U betulae Homma. U kenjiana Homma, U necator (Schwein.) Burr. and U regularis Zheng & Chen. The powdery mildews?ecological distribution of Xinglongshan Natural Protection Area showed: this kind pathogens were common at this area. Diversity of the host plants affected Erysiphales diversity directly, it also has a close relations with relative humidity (RH) of the environment as well, the powdery tnildews were fewer and have lighter severity at area of higher altitude and RI-I by contrasted to the low altitude and RI-I area. Most infected host plants had a well- distribution or distributed as patches. In this area, Sphaerotheca and Erysiphe had a wide niche breadth. ~ .000, BE=O.974. the result indicated Sphaerotheca and Erysiphe can use the environmental resources more effectively and could fit nvironmental conditions more easily.更多还原