【作者】 覃程荣；

【导师】 王双飞；

【作者基本信息】 广西大学 ， 应用化学， 2001， 硕士

【摘要】 我国自70年代末期从日本引进日本地膜覆盖技术以来，获得了迅速的发展。使用地膜覆盖技术不仅能有效地控制土壤温度和湿度、减少水份和营养物质流失，而且能防止杂草生长，促进作物早熟增产。但是，我国目前使用的大多数地膜，如聚乙烯和聚氯乙烯地膜不易被土壤微生物降解，残留在土壤中的地膜碎片对土壤造成严重的污染。近年来有关可降解地膜的研究较多，主要包括光降解地膜、淀粉添加型地膜、光─生物降解地膜以及植物纤维地膜。 本论文系统地研究了甘蔗渣浆粕的制备工艺和地膜的生产工艺流程。对甘蔗渣浆粕制备工艺的研究重点在于确定最佳预水解条件；研究地膜的生产工艺流程重点在于确定制备粘胶和成膜的最佳条件，并研究了生产过程各阶段的主要影响因素和化学变化。 研究结果表明：最佳预水解条件为：液比 1∶6、温度 130℃、升温时间 60分钟，保温时间 90分钟、水解酸浓 0.06％（HCI计）；制备粘胶的最佳工艺为：氢氧化钠用量45％、二硫化碳用量35％、溶解用水量1∶12～1∶13、磺化真空度0．06～0．08MPa；成膜的最佳工艺为：凝固浴H₂SO₄ 浓度181g/1、脱硫浴Na0H浓度 10％，甘油用量为 8％。 同时，本论文还探讨了可降解地膜的降解机理、纤维素溶解及其再生机理和增塑剂塑化机理。 通过对地膜降解性能的研究可以发现，地膜埋于土壤中后，随着降解时间的延长，地膜表面及其内部结构受破坏程度逐渐增大，以致碎裂为小块残膜，最终消失于土壤中。 本论文所研制的地膜具有较高的干、湿强度和透明度，并可达到完全降解的目的，适应环保的要求，具有广阔的发展前景。更多还原

【Abstract】 Mulch sheet has been introduced in China since the late seventies and developed rapidly. By covering mulch sheet, the temperature and moisture of soil can be preserved, loss of water and nurishment can be decreased, which lead to yield raise. However, the plastic mulch sheet is used widely in China at present, it can t be degradated biologically, which cause critical pollution to the soil due to its high stability. In recent years, many kinds of degradable mulch sheet are being researched.The paper studied preparation techonology of bagasse pulp and mulch sheet. The aim of the former is to determine the best prehydrolysis condition; The emphasis of the later is to determine the best condition of viscose and mulch sheet preparation, and studied the major factors and chemical changes in various processes.The results showed, the best prehydrolysis conditions is: 1:4 liquor, 130 C temperature, 60mm heat improvement time, 90mm heat4preservation time, 0.06% HC1; The best condition of viscose preparationis :45% NaOH, 35% CS2,l:12 ~ 1:13 liquor, 0.06----0.O8MPa pressure; The best condition of mulch sheet preparation is:180g11 H2S04, 10% NaOH, 8% glycerin.Moreover, the paper also discussed the degradation mechanism of mulch sheet, cellulose dissolving and regeneration mechanism and plastifing mechanism.The study of mulch sheet degradation showed that the surface and internal structure of mulch sheet were ruined gradually. At last, the mulch sheet turned into small pieces ad vanished in soil.This kind of mulch sheet shows good dry tension strength, wet tension strength, as well as transparency and suitable biodegradation, which adapt to environment protection.更多还原