浙江省优质油菜生产现状及发展对策探讨

【作者】 龚月聪；

【导师】 周伟军； 黄冲平；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 作物栽培学与耕作学， 2001， 硕士

【摘要】 本文对我省油菜生产的历史作了简明的回顾，提出了我省油菜生产的发展受政策、技术、气候和市场等多种因素的影响，各个时期油菜单产和面积对总产的影响是不同的，通过通径分析，证明近十年来单产对总产影响比面积对总产的影响大。 优质油菜生产加拿大、德国、法国、澳大利亚等国家发展迅速，特别是加拿大发展优质油菜的经验值得我们学习。通过对我省优质油菜生产与我国优质油菜生产水平、优质油菜发展先进省份以及发达国家优质油菜发展的情况比较，提出了我省优质油菜生产存在起步晚、品质差、单产水平不高和年度间单产不稳定等问题。通过FAO世界油菜贸易数据分析，得出近年来世界油菜籽、菜籽油、菜籽饼贸易旱现出三个特点，一是北美洲是油菜籽的净出口地，亚洲是油菜籽的净进口地；二是欧洲和北美洲在世界菜籽油市场上居主导地位；三是菜籽饼贸易主要集中在欧洲、北美州和亚洲。相对我省来说，出口大国将是我们优质油菜发展以后的主要竞争对手，进口大国将是我们将来潜在的市场。通过浙江食油调入和调出情况分析，虽然近年来我省油菜有了长足的发展，但每年仍需调入大量的食油，还不能做到基本自给。 针对我省油菜生产存在的这些问题及我国即将加入WTO的现实问题，分析了我国加入WTO后，对我省发展优质油菜的有利影响主要表现在可以享受40多年来GATT（关贸总协定）各缔约国在开放贸易、尤其是降低关税方面所取得的成果，并可获得现有134个成员国的无条件贸易最惠国待遇；可以灵活运用国际贸易规则，减少其他国家对中国农产品出口的非关税限制等不公平待遇；有利于扩大我国农产品的国际市场份额，有助于资源的有效配置。不利影响主要表现在油菜市场面临时外开放的压力，可能对农民就业和收入产生较大影响，限制了我国政府对农业的宏观支持空间。并针对上述影响提出了相应的对策，一是要建立对农业生产的补贴支持政策；二是要加强科技攻关，加快选育和引进优质油菜新品种步伐；三是要合理布局，连片种植，扩大油菜种植面积；四是要依靠科技，主攻单产，综合应用配套技术；五是要建设油菜生产基地，成立油菜生产联合体。 本文提供的大量油菜生产和国际贸易数据以及提出的发展对策，可供有关从事油菜科研、生产、贸易和管理人员参考应用。更多还原

【Abstract】 The objectives of this thesis were to summarize the history of rapeseed production in Zhejiang province and to determine the influence of various factors such as policy, technology, climate and market on rapeseed production. Path analysis showed the effect of yield per unit on the total yield of rapeseed was larger than that of the planting area in last ten years.The production of high quality rapeseed was developed rapidly in such countries as Canada, Germany, France and Australia. The Canadian experience of developing high quality rapeseed was especially worth learning. Compared to the rapeseed development of other advanced provinces within China and also developed countries, the problem of our Zhejiang province in this field was observed. The development of high quality rapeseed was only recently carried out. It’s quality was not good, and it’s unit output was low and unstable. By the analysis of FAO data on rapeseed trade, the characteristics of rapeseed, rape oil and rape cake trades were showed. First, North America was the net export area and Asia was the net import area. Second, Europe and North America occupied dominant position in the world rape oil. Third, the main rape cake trade was in Europe, North America and Asia.To the production of high quality rapeseed of Zhejiang province, these countries that exported a lot of cooking oil were the most competitive adversaries. These countries that imported a lot of cooking oil would become potential markets. From the cooking oil import and export data of Zhejiang province, it was obviously that it could not self-support and still need import a mass of cooking oil, although great progress had been made in recent years.On the condition of Zhejiang province, entering WTO had both advantages and disadvantage to the rapeseed production. The advantage was that we could enjoy the results of over 40-year GATT covenant on free trade, especially on the reduced customs. We could enjoy the most-favoured-nation trade without condition as well as with other 134 countries. We could flexibly apply international trade regulation, reduce unfair treatment which other country used to restrict the export of Chinese farming products. Entering WTO also would enlarge the extend quotient in international market, redound resource availability collocate. The disadvantages were that the external exoteric compressive stress might have some infection on farmer’s employment and earning, and it would restrict the support of our government to agriculture. Some corresponding countermeasures were needed, in order to reduce these disadvantages. First, we must set up sustainable policy for agricultural production. Second, we must strength scientific and technological research, expedite the step of breeding and introducing high quality rapeseed varieties. Third, we must arrange planting areas reasonably, plant rapeseed together and enlarge production areas. Fourth, we must depend on scientific and technological achievement, increase unit output, and develop integrated production techniques. Fifth, we must set up rape production base and industrial combine.A great deal of data about rape production and international trade provided above as well as countermeasure put forward by this paper could be consulted and applied by professionals who engaged in scientific research, production, management and trade.更多还原